Chapter 11: The Plantations Flashcards
The plantations
Irish Land was confiscated by the English Crown and then colonised by British settlers.
Old - English
People living in the Pale who were loyal to the king
Anglo-Irish
Descendants of the Anglo-Normans who had invaded Ireland in the 12th century. (They adopted the Gaelic way of life)
Gaelic Irish
The Gaelic chieftans who followed Irish law (known as Brehon Law). (They did not recognise the English King as ruler of Ireland)
Important information
Henry VIII was excommunicated by the Pope. England became a Protestant Monarchy
Reasons why Britian wanted to fully conquer Ireland
To expand their territory
To spread their new reliogen
To prevent the Catholic Gaelic Irish forming an alliance with other Catholic countries
Surrender and Regrant
The Anglo-Irish and Gaelic Irish rulers were to surrender themselves and their land to Henry VIII, and he would would grant their land back to them along with an English title. He thought this would make local rulers to acknowledge Henry VIII as King of Ireland
Succession
Land was now passed directly from father to son. Under Brehon Law, a clan chose it’s own leader and owned all its land as a group, not divided up individually
Laois-Offaly plantation
This was under Queen Mary I rule
Laois and Offaly were renamed Queens county and King’s county
The confiscated land was divided into estates (large farms) of between 350 and 1000 acres
Results of Laois and Offaly plantation
It was a failure
It did not attract enough planters from England
It led to better planning in futre plantations
The Munster Plantation
The was under Queen Elizabeth I rule
Elizabeth encourage Englishmen known as ‘adventurers’ to claim land in Munster
They split the land into enormous estates
Spread Protestantism and English laws and customs
Completely remove the Gaelic Irish from the land
Adventurers
Men who claimed to be decendsnts of the early Normans who had been granted land in Munster by Henry II
Presidents
Men who imposed English law, the English language and the Protestant reliogen
Undertakers
Men who undertook (agreed) to do as they were told with the land given to them.
Results of the Munster Plantation
They still had to rent to the Gaelic Irish
The Crown had hoped for 20,000 settlers, but only one-fifth of that number went
Lessons were learned for future plantation
The plantation of Ulster
This was led by King James I
Ulster was dominated by Gaelic Irish clans.
The ulster plantation covered: Donegal, Derry, Tryone, Armagh, Fermanagh and Cavan
The rules of the plantation were more strict
Estates were given to: undertakers, Servitors and loyal Irish
The Nine Years war
The gaelic clan fought against the spread of English control, for 9 years
Servitors
English or Scottish soilders who had fought for the crown
Loyal Irish
Native Irish who had stayed loyal to the English during the Nine Years War.
Results of the Ulster plantation
It was the most successful plantion
The Protestant population increased
Due to the high number of settlers, Ulster became the plantation most loyal to the crown
Tensions between the two groups flared (and exist to this day)
Penal Laws
Laws that suppressed the status of Catholic in Ireland
