Chapter 11. Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Question 1

Prejudice

Answer 1

Affective component of prejudice (feelings)
- What leads to prejudice
A negative or hostile attitude towards people in a distinguishable group, based solely on their membership in that group

Question 2

Discrimination

Answer 2

Behavioral component of prejudice

- Unjustifiable negative behavior towards a group or its members

Question 3

Stereotypes

Answer 3

Cognitive component of prejudice
-a generalization about a group of people, in which certain traits are assigned to members of the group, regardless of actual variation among the members .
“schema” for people.

Question 4

Modern racism

Answer 4

A more subtle more socially acceptable form of racism

• Shoving study
• white shoves black, 13% aggressive
• Black shoves white - 73% say aggressive

Question 5

Benevolent racism and sexism

Answer 5

Stereotypes about women classified in a positive light

• so “elegant, dainty etc”
• not aggressive, but does restrict behavior

Question 6

Realistic group conflict theory

Answer 6

Actual competition for resources or competing goals between groups leads to conflict that then fosters stereotyping and prejudice

Question 7

Robbers cave experiment

Answer 7

Study about 2 groups of boys at camp who created two distinct groups and competed against each other, lots of prejudice resulted, until superordinate goals formed between the 2 groups.

Question 8

Jigsaw classroom

Answer 8

Students divided in multi-ethnic and multi-ability groups, each student given 1/6th of material.

Students must rely on each other to learn material
Afterwards:
- More positive attitudes towards different ethnicities
-Better academic performance
-Increase in self esteem
-Greater empathy

Question 9

Minimal group paradigm

Answer 9

Tendency to favor one’s group over outgroup, even at cost to your own group.

Question 10

Social identity theory

Answer 10

2 parts.

1. Part of our self concept can come from group membership
2. Use membership to maintain positive self view

Question 11

Basking in reflected glory

Answer 11

is a self-serving cognition whereby an individual associates themselves with known successful others such that the winner’s success becomes the individual’s own accomplishment. The affiliation of another’s success is enough to stimulate self glory.

Question 12

Cognitive misers

Answer 12

People find various ways to save time and effort while navigating the world such that their mental capacities are protected

Question 13

Outgroup homogeneity effect

Answer 13

Perception of out group members as being more similar to one another than in group members
-“they all look alike, we are diverse”

Question 14

Paired Distinctiveness

Answer 14

The pairing of two distinctive events that stand out even more because they co-occur

Question 15

Subtyping

Answer 15

Creating a category for exceptions, we don’t change the rule, we just categorize them as an exception

Question 16

Stereotype threat

Answer 16

Fear that others will confirm the stereotypes that others have regarding a group of which they are a member. IE Women and Men perform the same on math, more poorly when told that Men are better than women at math

Question 17

Shooter bias

Answer 17

Officers more likely to kill black person in error and not kill white person who has a gun

Question 18

Socio-functional model

Answer 18

Prejudice is not the same for every group
Instead, prejudice is based on the the threat posed by the group

Different emotional and behavioral reactions emerge based on specific threat

Question 19

Dissociation model

Answer 19

Processing info about others is a 2 step process

• Stereotypes are automatically triggered
• We control whether or not we actually accept the stereotype
• accepting stereotype is default response

Question 20

Contact hypothesis

Answer 20

Contact between members of different groups leads to more positive inter group attitudes

• requires equal status
• Best when friendships form

Question 21

Cooperation

Answer 21

-related to Sherif’s robbers cave study
Formation of the ingroup
Competition with the out group

Cooperation between the group led less prejudice, related to superordinate goals

Question 22

Superordinate goals

Answer 22

Shared goals that necessitate cooperative effort are best for removing prejudice.

Question 23

Awareness of specific effects

Answer 23

-awareness of biases, controlled processing, and crafting ways to construe context differently all help reduce prejudice