Chapter 10. Relationship and Attraction:

Question 1

Communal Relationships

Answer 1

individuals give/receive according to need (often long term relationships)
Requires high levels of trust and expectation that the other person will give/receive when they can and when they need to

Question 2

Exchange Relationship

Answer 2

individuals give and receive based on equity and reciprocity
- More of a tit for tat theory

Question 3

Equity Theory

Answer 3

People are motivated to maintain fairness in their relationships, rewards and costs are shared roughly equally among partners

Question 4

Attachment Theory-

Answer 4

In infancy, people develop models of close relationships that they carry throughout their lives

Can explain: why some people tend to have the same relationship over and over
Cant explain: Why secure people’s relationships also end

Includes Secure, avoidant, and anxious/ambivalent

Question 5

Need to belong (Harlow’s monkey)

Answer 5

Evolutionary Argument:
Relationships help us survive 
•Reproduction  
•Protection of children 
•Friendships help us cooperate with non-relatives

Question 6

Relationship of non-hetero/non monogamous couples

Answer 6

• Lesbian and gay male relationships follow similar trajectory as heterosexuals
• When these relationships are consensual, they have similar outcomes as monogamous couples

Question 7

Propinquity Effect

Answer 7

The more we see and interact with people, the more likely we are to start a relationship

Question 8

Functional Distance

Answer 8

How often people’s paths cross

Closeness between places in terms of interaction opportunities

Question 9

Mere exposure effect

Answer 9

Tendency for novel stimuli to be liked more or rated more positively after being exposed to a person

Question 10

Matching hypothesis

Answer 10

The tendency to choose as partners those who are a match in attractiveness and other qualities.
- Matching vs most attractive a result of fear of rejection

Question 11

Halo effect

Answer 11

Belief that physically attractive people have a wide range of positive characteristics other than being physically attractive

Question 12

Sex differences in attraction and mate selection

Answer 12

Men: Prefer women with baby features signifying fertility, butt, waist, breasts, lips, etc
Women: Prefer men with features suggesting maturity and dominance, shoulders, genital bulge, square jaw

Women: waste to hip ratio
Men: Triangle shape

Women- high standards for date, higher standards for sex, higher standard for commitment
Men - Same as women, except for sex much lower standards

Question 13

Sternberg’s Triangular theory

Answer 13

Three things that determine love:

• Intimacy
• Commitment
• Passion

I+P = Romantic love
I+C = Companionate love (elderly)
P+C = Fatuous love
All 3 - consummate love

Question 14

Berscheid and Walster’s two types of love

Answer 14

Passionate love: State of intense longing for someone

Companionate love: Affection people feel for those with whom their lives are deeply connected but do not necessarily experience passion or arousal in their presence

Question 15

How do romantic relationships change over time?

Answer 15

Two theories: Behavioral, Attachment and Social Exchange theory

Question 16

Behavioral theory

Answer 16

People learn from their interaction with their partners whether or not they are in a good relationship: positive interactions help, negative hurt

Can explain: mechanism of change, place to intervene
Can’t explain: where the behavior comes from, ignores everything outside the couple

Question 17

Four hourse-men of the relationship apocalypse

Answer 17

Four most negative behaviors in relationships are criticism, defensiveness, stonewalling, and contempt

Question 18

Secure attachment

Answer 18

Find it easy to get close to others and dont fret about getting too dependent or being abandoned

Question 19

Avoidant attachment

Answer 19

tend to be less invested and more likely to leave, they are also more likely to engage in one night stands of sex w/o love

Question 20

Anxious/ambivalent attachment

Answer 20

Less trusting, so possessive and jealous, may break up repeatedly with the same person. Often get angry when discussing conflicts.

Question 21

Complementary hypothesis

Answer 21

The idea that people seek out others with characteristics that are different from and that complement their own

Question 22

Social exchange theory

Answer 22

a theory based on the idea that all relationships have costs and rewards, and that how people feel about a relationship depends on their assessment of its costs and rewards and the costs and rewards available to them on other relationships