Application Modules

Question 1

Catastrophizing

Answer 1

-Overemphasizing the negative consequences of an event

Question 2

Rumination

Answer 2

-Intrusive thoughts about stressful events

Question 3

Emotion-focused coping

Answer 3

. attempting to control the negative emotional consequences of the stressor. (eating ice cream)

Question 4

Problem-focused coping

Answer 4

• attempting to alter or eliminate a source of stress. (studying)

Question 5

Self-distancing

Answer 5

-Thinking about the situation from a third-person perspective can give perspective (imagine being a fly on the wall)

Question 6

Social support

Answer 6

-Friends, Family, and Spouse can help

Question 7

Perceived control

Answer 7

-the belief that one can determine one’s own internal states and behavior, influence one’s environment, and/or bring about desired outcomes.

Question 8

Loss aversion

Answer 8

-tendency for a loss of a given magnitude to have more psychological impact than an equivalent gain

Question 9

Risk aversion vs. risk seeking

Answer 9

Risk aversion: the reluctance to pursue an uncertain option with an average payoff that equals or exceeds the payoff attainable by another, certain option
Risk seeking: The opposite of risk aversion, tendency to forgo a certain outcome in favor of a risky option with an equal or more negative average payoff

Question 10

Sunk cost fallacy

Answer 10

-A reluctance to waste money that leads people to continue with an endeavor, whether it serves their future interests or not, because they have already invested money, effort, or time in it

Question 11

Mental accounting

Answer 11

• Tendency to treat money differently depending on how it is acquired and the mental category to which it is attached
  example: poker earn 100$, more risky with earned money than with that which you brought yourself

Question 12

Decision paralysis

Answer 12

• the more choices we have, the more likely we are to freeze up and go with the path of least resistance.”

Question 13

Incremental vs. entity theory of intelligence

Answer 13

• Incremental: theory that you can improve your intelligence by working
• Entity: Belief that intelligence is something you are born with and cannot change

Question 14

Scientific jury selection

Answer 14

-A statistical approach to selecting jurors likely to be predisposed to certain claims or appeals, asked about attitudes toward various issues related to a trial, and defense and prosecutors try to adjust jurors accordingly

Question 15

Bias in the criminal justice system

Answer 15

• We believe confidence = telling the truth which is NOT true
• Confessions CAN NOT be trusted all the time

Question 16

Eyewitness testimony

Answer 16

-Eyewitnesses are not accurate at all

Question 17

Factors that affect the accuracy of eyewitness testimony

Answer 17

• Weapon focus
• Own-race bias (Cross-Race Identification Bias)
• Expectancy effect
• Poor conditions

Storage of information:
Misinformation effect - incorporating misleading information into the memory of an event

Question 18

How can we use social psychological principles to reduce bias in the legal system?

Answer 18

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