Chapter 11-Social psychology and immigration Flashcards
Acculturation
Adapting to a different culture
Ramirez model
A one-dimensional model of acculturation.
- Immigrants gave up their own culture to adapt to the new one
- Applicable when host societies have a homogeneous culture
Melting pot
A one-dimensional model of acculturation.
-immigrants were free in a large degree to choose their own acculturation in private values but had pressure to blend into the mainstream culture.
Integration
Own culture is valuable, and host society is desireable
Separation
Own culture is valuable, and host society is not desirable
Assimilation
Own culture is not valuable,but host society is
Marginalization
None is important (own culture, nor host society)
Cosmopolitism
Immigrants who are more individualistic, selectively adopting elements from a number of cultures. (Hannas tatuering)
How do immigrants generally prefer to live in a host society?
integrated
Contact hypothesis
Negative attitudes held by one group about another are caused by lack of knowledge about that group.
Similarity-attraction hypothesis
Similarity leads to attraction.
Social identity theory
Group membership forms an important component of social identity.
Instrumental model of group conflicts
Resource stress: Limited resources +
Individual difference variable: Competative place
=Intergroup antafonism
Common ingroup identity model
When a person is a member of a group, he/she will generally be treated in the same way as the other members of the same group.
Cultural identity
Pride and belonging to one’s cultural group
-Immigrants may have to give up a bit of their cultural heritage without giving up their cultural identity.
Four interventions
- Enhance contact between members of different groups
- Reducing unnecessary social categorization
- Acceptance of other’s identity
- Training of competencies
Transnationalism
Multiple ties and interactions linking people/institutions across nations
Facilitated by geographical proximity and telecommunication services.
E.g. immigrants who combine separation with transnational links may stay within ethnic enclaves such as Chinatown, Rinkeby.
Two acculturation strategies/structures
- Creolization
- A variety of cultural groups co-exist and no clearly dominant group (music: white guy listening to African music), (food preferences-new york pizza) - Pluralism
- Both cultural maintenance and ingroup contact (no creolization)
- Relationships among different groups form a new nation (Canada)
What is realistic conflict theory?
Competition between two groups for resources such as money or jobs.
What is symbolic racism theory?
Focuses on the perceived values of groups (e.g. in the past, many white US citizens perceived to value black people as different from their own (less hard working etc.)
What is the integrated threat theory?
Incorporates both the realistic conflict theory and the symbolic racism theory. (Believes that black people are going to steal the white people’s jobs)
Three motivational explanations for why people protest
- Relative deprivation theory: Group-based perception of unfairness (e.g. feminism)
- Theory of planned behaviour: The group needs self-efficacy. (Is this going to be effective?)
- Social identity theory: Group identification
Approximately how many percents of students engage in protests?
3-5%
