Chapter 11: Personality Disorders Flashcards
What is the nature of personality disorders?
- enduring, inflexible predispositions
- maladaptive, causing distress and/or impairment
- high comorbidity
- poorer prognosis
* 5. ego-syntonic: patients don’t feel that treatment is necessary
Ego-syntonic
person feels the disorder is consistent with one’s identity; patients don’t feel that treatment is necessary.
“Kind”
traditionally assigned categories of personality disorders
“Degree”
additional dimensional model of personality disorders
individuals are rated on the degree to which they exhibit various personality traits
Cluster A
odd or *eccentric cluster
Cluster B
*dramatic, emotional, erratic cluster
Cluster C
fearful or *anxious cluster
Gender distribution and gender bias in personality disorder diagnosis
the exact same personality in a man and a woman is perceived differently based purely on gender
antisocial and histrionic
Antisocial
males usually classified as this
check textbook
Histrionic
females usually classified as this
check textbook
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Cluster A
Description: pervasive and unjustified mistrust and suspicion
Causes: early learning that people and the world are dangerous
Treatment: *no treatment study (very few people think they have a disorder so there is no study done to see what is effective and what isn’t), treatment focuses on development of trust, CBT to counter negativistic thinking
Schizoid Personality Disorder
Cluster A
Description: detachment from social relationships. very limited range of emotions in interpersonal situations.
Causes: childhood shyness, preference for social isolation resembles autism
Treatment: *no treatment study, focus on the value of interpersonal relationships, building empathy and social skills
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Cluster A
Description: detachment from reality, but not so much that it’s dysfunctional. Magical thinking, resembles a milder form of schizophrenia.
Causes: more likely to have this if one of parents has schizophrenia. check textbook
Treatment: main focus is on developing social skills, address comorbid depression (30% to 50% meet criteria for major depressive disorder), medical treatment is similar to schizophrenia treatment, treatment prognosis is generally poor.
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Cluster B
Description: manipulating and not feeling bad about it. “sociopath” and “psychopath.” May be very charming, lack of a conscience, empathy, and remorse. High narcissism.
Causes: early histories of behavioral problems, including conduct disorder. Families with inconsistent parental discipline and support. Families often have histories of criminal and violent behavior.
Neurobiological factors…??
Treatment: often incarceration is the only viable alternative. may need to focus on practical (or selfish) consequences (e.g. ifs you rob someone, you’ll have to serve time)
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)
Cluster B
Description: individuals who’s emotions are more variable than others, so they do extreme things (self-mutilation and suicideal gestures). Comorbidity high with other mental disorders (mood disorders)
Causes: High emotional reactivity, runs in families, impaired functioning of limbic system (maybe), early trauma/abuse play a causal role for some.
Treatment: THIS ONE IS TREATABLE. Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT). DBT groups *textbook
