Chapter 11 - Individual Behavior Flashcards
Perception
The process of receiving and interpreting information from the environment.
- The way we form impressions about ourselves, other people and daily life experiences
Stereotypes
Assigns attributes commonly associated with a group to an individual.
- Puts people into categories and then use attributes of the category to describe the individual
- A distorting simplification
Halo effects
Uses one attribute or characteristic to develop an overall impression of a person or situation.
- Distorting simplification
Selective perception
Focuses attention on things consistent with existing beliefs, needs, actions.
- We perceive what fits and screen out the rest
- When people only view things from their POV
- Distorting simplification
Ex. Sales are down. I knew the new product design was flawed
Projection
Assigns personal attributes to other individuals.
- Assumes others are just like us and assigns our attributes to them
- “Similiar to me” error
- Distorting simplification
Attribution
The process of creating explanations for events.
Fundamental attribution error
Overestimates internal factors and underestimates external factors as influences on someone’s behavior.
- Related to the tendency to blame other people when things go wrong whether it’s may be true or not
Self-serving bias
Underestimates internal factors and overestimates external factors as influences on someone’s behavior.
- Tendency for people to blame personal failures on external causes rather than accept personal responsibility
- When we take personal credit for successes and blame failures on external factors
Impression management
Tries to create desired perceptions in the eyes of others.
- Systematic attempt to influence how others perceive us
Personality
The profile of characteristics making a person unique from others.
- This uniqueness has consequences on how we behave and how that behavior is regarded by others
List the BIG Five personality traits
- Extraversion
- Agreeableness
- Conscientiousness
- Emotional stability
- Openness to experience
Extraversion personality
Talkative, comfortable, confident in interpersonal relationships
Introvert is private, withdrawn, reserved
Agreeableness personality
Trusting, courteous, helpful, gets along well with others
- Disagreeable person is self serving, skeptical, tough, and creates discomfort
Conscientiousness personality
Dependable, organized, focused on getting things done,
Unconscientiousness person is careless, impulsive, and not achievement oriented
Emotional stability personality
Secure, calm, steady, self-confident,
Person lacking emotional stability is excitable, anxious, nervous, tense
Openness to experience personality
Broad-minded, imaginative, open to new ideas,
Opposite is narrow minded, interested in few things, resists change
Locus of control
The extent to which one believes what happens is within one’s control.
Authoritarianism
The degree to which a person defers to authority and accepts status differences.
Machiavellianism
The degree to which someone uses power manipulatively and is emotionally detached when using power
Self-monitoring
The degree to which someone is able to adjust behavior in response to external factors.
Stress
State of tension experienced by individuals facing extraordinary demands, constraints, or opportunities.
Type A personality
Oriented toward extreme achievement, impatience, and perfectionism.
- Bring stress to themselves
Constructive stress
A positive influence on effort, creativity, and diligence in work.
- Energizing and performance enhancing
Destructive stress
A negative influence on one’s performance.
- Seems so intense or long lasting that it breaks down a person’s physical and mental systems
- Leads to job burnout
- Flameout
- Workplace rage
