Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PSYC 201 > Chapter 11: Health and Wellbeing > Flashcards

Chapter 11: Health and Wellbeing Flashcards

1
Q

What is subjective well-being?

A

-individuals’ overall evaluation of life satisfaction and happiness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define positive psychology

A

-movement within psychology that applies research to understand how to experience fulfilling lives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What three domains are in the biopsychosocial approach to understanding health? What do they altogether make up? (2)

A

-Biological, social context and psychological
-health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the three lines of inquiry in positive psychology?

A

-positive subjective experience
-positive individual traits
-positive institutions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are positive subjective experiences?

A

-positive moods, positive emotions, flow mindfulness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are positive individual traits?

A

-hope, resilience, grit, gratitude

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are positive institutions?

A

-positive workplaces, positive schools

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What do they define happiness as?

A

-wide range of positive inner feelings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When will survivors of serious illnesses, accidents, natural disasters and other traumatic events report positive psychological growth? (2)

A

-have successfully coped with trauma, adequate social support
-frequently reflect on the traumatizing event and relate it to some positive outcomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the six domains of post-traumatic growth? (6)

A

-new possibilities
-relating to others
-personal strength
-appreciation of life
-spiritual change
-life priority change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the thought that goes with the domain of post-traumatic growth: new possibilities?

A

-I have new things that I like to do

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the thought that goes with the domain of post-traumatic growth: relating to others?

A

-I feel closer to other people than I did before

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the thought that goes with the domain of post-traumatic growth: personal strength?

A

-I learned I can count on myself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the thought that goes with the domain of post-traumatic growth: appreciation of life?

A

-I learned that life is important

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the thought that goes with the domain of post-traumatic growth: spiritual change?

A

-I understand religious ideas (or the meaning of life) more

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the thought that goes with the domain of post-traumatic growth: life priority change?

A

-I know what really matters in life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the definition of stress? When is stress felt?

A

-lack of fit between perceived demands and perceived ability to cope with demands
-stress is felt when perceived resources<perceived demands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Since stress depends on how we appraise events, what is the primary and secondary appraisal? (2)

A

Primary: initial evaluation of relevance, level of threat and degree of stress the event brings
Secondary: evaluation of our ability to cope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is ambient stress? What is an example? (2)

A

-chronic negative conditions embedded in the environment
-poverty, excessive traffic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is an acute stressor?

A

-threatening event that has a relatively short duration and a clear endpoint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is a chronic stressor?

A

-threatening events that have a relatively long duration and no time limit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the six types of stress?

A

-acute stressors
-chronic stressors
-ambient stress
-daily hassles
-readjustment to life changes
-burnout

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are life changes? Can both positive and negative life changes be stressful? What scale rates this? (3)

A

-any noticeable alteration in one’s living circumstances that require readjustment
-yes both can be stressful
-social readjustment rating scale (SRRS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is pressure? What are the two basic types of pressure? (2)

A

-involves expectations to behave in a certain way
-pressure to perform, and pressure to conform to expectations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
What three levels do stress responses occur at? (3)
-emotional -physiological -behavioral
25
What would be an emotional response to a stressful event?
-feeling emotions like anger, fear etc
26
What would be a physiological response to a stressful event?
-autonomic arousal, hormonal fluctuations
27
What would be a behavioural response to a stressful event?
-coping efforts, lashing out, blaming oneself, seeking help etc
28
Define emotions
-powerful, largely uncontrollable feelings, accompanied by physiological changes
29
What does the inverted -U hypothesis predict about complexity of tasks and the level of arousal that is best? (3)
-low complexity tasks, high level arousal is best -medium complexity tasks, medium level of arousal is best -high complexity tasks, low level or arousal is best
30
What is hardiness?
-disposition marked by commitment, challenge and control - associated with strong stress resilience
31
What are the moderating variables influencing stress tolerance? (5)
-social support -hardiness -optimism -sensation seeking -autonomic reactivity
32
What did Martin Seligman show with the dog experiment? Explain why. (2)
-learned helplessness -because the dogs could have prevented the electric shock by stopping over the barrier but they learned to just take the shocks and not try to escape
33
What is the frustration aggression hypothesis?
-when an individual's goal-directed behavior is blocked (frustration), it leads to an aggressive response (chatgpt)
34
What does research find happens when you act aggressively?
-it produces more anger and aggression
35
What is displacement?
-transfer of negative emotion from one person to another
36
What are the three main categories of constructive coping strategies?
-appraisal-focused -problem focused -emotion focused
37
Describe appraisal-focused coping strategies.
-challenging perspective on the situation or appraisal of it
38
Describe the problem-focused strategies.
-looking to solve the problem either itself or solving the symptoms
39
What are emotion-focused strategies?
-releasing pent-up emotions, distracting oneself, actually dealing with the emotions
40
What is Ellis's rational-emotive behaviour therapy model?
-therapy that focuses on altering clients' patterns of irrational/negative thinking to reduce maladaptive emotions and behaviour
41
How does Ellis's ABC's relate to his rational-emotive behaviour therapy? What are Ellis's ABCs? (4)
-ABC's are a core component of rational-emotive behaviour therapy -A is activating event -B is belief system -C is consequence
42
What is the activating event in Ellis's ABCs?
-any event/situation that triggers a reaction
43
What is the belief system in Ellis's ABCs? What can they comprise? (2)
-beliefs about activating event -irrational appraisal and rational appraisal
44
What is the consequence in Ellis's ABCs?
-the emotional and behavioral outcomes resulting from the beliefs
45
What are two psychosocial modifiers of stress? (2)
-social support -a sense of personal control
46
What are the types of social support? (5)
-emotional support -esteem support -tangible/instrumental support -informational support -network support
47
What is esteem support? What is esteem support expressed as? (2)
-support that makes someone feel good about themselves -expressed via positive regard for the person, encouragement or agreement with the individual's ideas or feelings
48
What is tangible/instrumental support? Examples? (2)
-direct assistance -lending money, giving ride somewhere
49
What is network support?
-feeling of membership in a group of people who share interests and social activities
50
What are the four types of control people feel that they have our a situation? (4)
-behavioural control -cognitive control -decisional control -informational control
51
Describe behavioural control. What other type of coping is this the same as? (2)
-ability to take actions to reduce the impact of stressor -problem-directed coping
52
Describe cognitive control. What other coping is this the same as? (2)
-the use of thought processes or strategies to modify the impact of the stressor -appraisal-focused coping
53
What is decisional control?
-the opportunity to choose between alternative courses of action
54
What is informational control?
-opportunity to get knowledge about stressful event
55
What are the four components of emotional intelligence? (4)
-be capable to perceive and express emotion -use emotions to facilitate thought -ability to understand and analyze one's own emotions -regulate emotion
56
What are the symptoms of burnout?
-syndrome involving physical and emotional exhaustion, cynicism and a lowered sense of self efficacy that is attributable to work-related stress
57
j
j
58
What are strong predictors of happiness?
-personality, work, relationship satisfaction
59
What are the two ways happiness is measured?
-judgement that life is satisfying -predominance of positive emotions compared with negative
60
What is a positive illusion?
-an inflated view of one's own characteristics as a good, able and desirable person
61
What do empirical studies consistently find in terms of happiness and sex?
-both women and men are equally happy
62
What do studies find about age and happiness? There are two types of findings. (2)
-some studies there are very small variations in happiness across age (happiness dips around 20 and begins increasing again after 50) -in some studies, level of happiness is constant across different age groups
63
What is the correlation between a nation's well-being score and its gross national product?
+ 0.67
64
Is there a relation between income and happiness in the USA in the study?
-both yes and no, depending on whether the individual has made enough money to support the basic needs of life, there is a threshold of income that a person must achieve to be happy and after this it doesn't effect happiness
65
Is the overall constant level of happiness affected by sudden fortune or misfortune according to studies? What affects this? (2)
-no it is not affected by fortune or misfortune -rather by personality
66
What two personality traits are closely related to well-being?
-extraversion and neuroticism
67
What is extraversion? Give some examples. (2)
-tendency to seek stimulation and enjoy the company of others -loves variety and excitement, positive outlook on life, the life of the party
68
What is neuroticism? Give examples. (2)
-tendency to experience negative emotions more frequently and intensely -moody, anxious, unstable, pessimistic
69
What are the four factors acting on peoples happiness the most?
-personality -life satisfaction (accomplishments and aspirations met) -social support -socioeconomic status
70
What is eustress? What is distress? (2)
-positive stress like getting married -negative stress
71
Describe the steps involved in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. (4)
-hypothalamus activates the sympathetic nervous system which activates the adrenal glands and sends out norepinephrine and epinephrine -then hypothalamus sends message to pituitary gland -pituitary gland sends a hormone to the adrenal gland -adrenal glands secrete cortisol
72
What does cortisol do when it reaches the hypothalamus?
-triggers a negative feedback loop to turn off HPA axis
73
What is the alarm stage? What happens to the immune system during this? (2)
-this is fight or flight -brief reduction in immune response but then it kicks back in
74
What is the general adaptation system? What are its three stages? (2)
-theory to describe the bodies short-term and long-term reactions to stress -alarm, resistance and exhaustion
75
What is the resistance stage? What happens to immunity during this? (2)
-the body prepares for longer defence from the stressor -immunity increases as body increases its responses
76
What is the exhaustion stage?
-various physiological and immune systems fail
77
What is allostatic load? What does it represent? (2)
-cumulative burden of chronic stress and life events on the body's physiological systems. -It represents the wear and tear that the body experiences due to repeated cycles of stress and the body's efforts to adapt to these challenges through the process of allostasis.
78
Differentiate allostatic load and general adaptation syndrome.
-allostatic load is multiple stress response cycles whereas general adaptation syndrome is just one
79
What is the tend-and-befriend response?
-respond to stress by nurturing offspring and seeking social support from others
80
What did Folkman and Moskowitz determine as three strategies that can help people use positive thoughts to deal with stress? (3)
-positive repraisal -downward comparison -creation of positive events
81
According to Kobasa, what three traits describe hardiness? (3)
-commitment -challenge -control
82
What is the broaden-and-build theory?
-positive emotions cause people to expand their view of what is possible in a situation (broaden) and develop new ideas and relationships (build)

PSYC 201 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions