Chapter 11 - Emotions and Motivation

Question 1

Motivation

Answer 1

The wants or needs that direct behaviour towards a goal.

Question 2

Intrinsic Motivation

Answer 2

Motivation arising from internal factors, performed because of a sense of personal satisfaction.

Question 3

Extrinsic Motivation

Answer 3

Motivation arising from external factors, performed in order to receive something from others.

Question 4

Overjustification effect

Answer 4

An effect where intrinsic motivation is diminished when extrinsic motivation is introduced.

Question 5

Instinct

Answer 5

A species-specific pattern of behaviour that is not learned. Used as an early theory of motivation for organisms.

Question 6

Drive Theory

Answer 6

A theory that states that derivations from homeostasis creates physiological needs for individuals. This can result in drive states which direct behaviour to meet that need.

Question 7

Habit

Answer 7

A pattern of behaviour in which we regularly engage.

Question 8

Arousal theory

Answer 8

A theory quite similar to drive theory however dealing with states of arousal. Based on the belief that humans try to maintain an optimal level of arousal and can feel underaroused and overarounsed.

Question 9

Yerkes-Dodson Law

Answer 9

Optimal levels of arousal are based off of the complexity and difficulty of the task at hand.

Question 10

Self-efficacy

Answer 10

An individuals belief in her own capability to complete a task, which may include a previous successful completion of the exact task or a similar task.

Question 11

Maslows Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 11

a hierarchy of needs that spans the spectrum of motives ranging from biological to social. Pyramid starts with physiological, than security, then social, than esteem and then Self-actualization.

Question 12

Satiation

Answer 12

A feeling of fullness and satisfaction.

Question 13

Leptin

Answer 13

A hormone released by fat cells to produced a feeling of satiation.

Question 14

Metabolic Rate

Answer 14

The amount of energy that is expended in a given period of time, lots of variability among individuals.

Question 15

Set-point theory

Answer 15

A theory regarding weight gain and loss in which each individual has an ideal body weight which is resistant to change.

Question 16

Overweight

Answer 16

the level of weight above being healthy between 25 and 29.99

Question 17

Obesity

Answer 17

The level of body weight considered to be unhealthy found above 30.

Question 18

Morbid Obesity

Answer 18

Individuals with a BMI of over 40 and whose weight put them at risk of dying.

Question 19

BMI

Answer 19

BMI is generally considered a good measurement tool to study populations but not individuals due to its inability to distinguish between fat and muscle mass.

Question 20

Bariatric Surgery

Answer 20

In an attempt to reduce a persons weight, the gastrointestinal system is altered to reduce the amount of food an individual can eat.

Question 21

Prader-Willi Syndrome

Answer 21

A disorder that causes persistent intense hunger and reduced metabolic rates, currently the leading cause of morbid obesity in children. Related with a number of cognitive deficits and emotional problems.

Question 22

Bulimia nervosa

Answer 22

Usually individuals engage in binge eating followed by a purge to get rid of all the food that they ate.