Chapter 11 - Emotions and Motivation Flashcards
Motivation
The wants or needs that direct behaviour towards a goal.
Intrinsic Motivation
Motivation arising from internal factors, performed because of a sense of personal satisfaction.
Extrinsic Motivation
Motivation arising from external factors, performed in order to receive something from others.
Overjustification effect
An effect where intrinsic motivation is diminished when extrinsic motivation is introduced.
Instinct
A species-specific pattern of behaviour that is not learned. Used as an early theory of motivation for organisms.
Drive Theory
A theory that states that derivations from homeostasis creates physiological needs for individuals. This can result in drive states which direct behaviour to meet that need.
Habit
A pattern of behaviour in which we regularly engage.
Arousal theory
A theory quite similar to drive theory however dealing with states of arousal. Based on the belief that humans try to maintain an optimal level of arousal and can feel underaroused and overarounsed.
Yerkes-Dodson Law
Optimal levels of arousal are based off of the complexity and difficulty of the task at hand.
Self-efficacy
An individuals belief in her own capability to complete a task, which may include a previous successful completion of the exact task or a similar task.
Maslows Hierarchy of Needs
a hierarchy of needs that spans the spectrum of motives ranging from biological to social. Pyramid starts with physiological, than security, then social, than esteem and then Self-actualization.
Satiation
A feeling of fullness and satisfaction.
Leptin
A hormone released by fat cells to produced a feeling of satiation.
Metabolic Rate
The amount of energy that is expended in a given period of time, lots of variability among individuals.
Set-point theory
A theory regarding weight gain and loss in which each individual has an ideal body weight which is resistant to change.
Overweight
the level of weight above being healthy between 25 and 29.99
Obesity
The level of body weight considered to be unhealthy found above 30.
Morbid Obesity
Individuals with a BMI of over 40 and whose weight put them at risk of dying.
BMI
BMI is generally considered a good measurement tool to study populations but not individuals due to its inability to distinguish between fat and muscle mass.
Bariatric Surgery
In an attempt to reduce a persons weight, the gastrointestinal system is altered to reduce the amount of food an individual can eat.
Prader-Willi Syndrome
A disorder that causes persistent intense hunger and reduced metabolic rates, currently the leading cause of morbid obesity in children. Related with a number of cognitive deficits and emotional problems.
Bulimia nervosa
Usually individuals engage in binge eating followed by a purge to get rid of all the food that they ate.
