Chapter 10 - Memory and Emotion

Question 1

Storage Metaphor

Answer 1

Memories are like flies that are kept within a database (your brain) and can be retrieved

Question 2

Memory Illusion

Answer 2

False but subjectively compelling memory.

Question 3

Forgetting

Answer 3

Deterioration in the learned behaviour following a retention interval

Question 4

Retention interval

Answer 4

Period during which the learning or practice of a behaviour does not occur.

Question 5

Component Model of Memory

Answer 5

Model used by cognitive psychologists comprising three different components, being Sensory Memory, Short-term Memory, and Long-term Memory.

Question 6

Sensory Memory

Answer 6

The first component of the three components, has sensory input, gets rid of the information rapidly similar to ram in a computer. Made up of Iconic Memory.

Question 7

Iconic Memory

Answer 7

Visual Sensory memory that only lasts about a second, tested by George Sperling.

Question 8

Method of Partial Report

Answer 8

Test done by George Sperling to appeal to iconic store and measure how well people could remember letters that were briefly flashed to a participant.

Question 9

Echoic Store

Answer 9

The audio version of Iconic Store, slightly longer lasting.

Question 10

Iconic Store

Answer 10

The space of memory that stores visual sensory information as part of the sensory memory.

Question 11

Short-Term / Working Memory

Answer 11

Memory system that retains information for limited durations, encompasses information currently being attended to or being processed in some way, input into this phase is the attended to sensory input. Span of short-term memory is about 10 seconds.

Question 12

Decay

Answer 12

An explanation of the shortness of short term memory states that memory decays over time and goes away.

Question 13

Interference

Answer 13

An explanation of the shortness of short term memory states that loss of memory is caused by that memory being replaced by other memories.

Question 14

Retroactive Interference

Answer 14

Interference with retention of old memories by an acquisition of new memories.

Question 15

Proactive Interference

Answer 15

Interference with acquired memories by previous knowledge and experiences.

Question 16

Magic Number of Memory

Answer 16

The number of total items that can be recalled in short-term memory, it is 7 give or take 2

Question 17

Chunking

Answer 17

Organizing information into meaningful groupings, allowing for an individual to make more use of their short term memory.

Question 18

Rehearsal

Answer 18

Repeating information to extend the duration of retention in short term-memory, can be done audibly or in your head.

Question 19

Maintenance Rehearsal

Answer 19

Repeating stimuli in their original form to retain them in short-term memory.

Question 20

Elaborative Rehearsal

Answer 20

Linking stimuli to each other in a meaningful way to improve retention in short-term memory.

Question 21

Levels / depth of Processing

Answer 21

Theory stating that the deeper information is stores the easier it is for an individual to remember it. Typically has three levels, Structural (visual), Phonological (Auditory), and Semantic (Meaning). The deeper understanding of the memory the greater the memory is. Is unfalsifiable.

Question 22

Long-term memory

Answer 22

Memory that survives decay and interference of short-term memory, and gets preverbally encoded into an individual, relatively enduring from minutes to years has a much larger capacity than Short-Term Memory.

Question 23

Permastore

Answer 23

The part of long-term memory that appears to be permanent.

Question 24

Primacy Effect

Answer 24

The tendency to remember items at the beginning of the list especially well.

Question 25

Recency Effect

Answer 25

Tendency to remember things at the end of a list of items especially well.

Question 26

Serial Position effect

Answer 26

The combinations of primacy and recency effects.

Question 27

Repeated Retrieval

Answer 27

Repeatedly trying to recall/use the material over time.

Question 28

Explicit Memory

Answer 28

Memories we recall intentionally and of which we have conscious awareness.

Question 29

Implicit Memory

Answer 29

Memories we don’t deliberately recall but do anyways.

Question 30

Semantic Memory

Answer 30

A part of Explicit memory about the facts of the world.

Question 31

Episodic Memory

Answer 31

Part of Explicit Memory recalling anecdotal events from our lives

Question 32

Priming

Answer 32

The activation of one concept by another.

Question 33

Procedural Memory

Answer 33

Part of Implicit Memory, the process of knowing how to do things such as motor skills and habits.

Question 34

Memory as a network of associations

Answer 34

Theory stating that memory can be represented as a network of associations like a web diagram, in which the further two items are from each the less they are related .