Chapter 10 - Memory and Emotion Flashcards
Storage Metaphor
Memories are like flies that are kept within a database (your brain) and can be retrieved
Memory Illusion
False but subjectively compelling memory.
Forgetting
Deterioration in the learned behaviour following a retention interval
Retention interval
Period during which the learning or practice of a behaviour does not occur.
Component Model of Memory
Model used by cognitive psychologists comprising three different components, being Sensory Memory, Short-term Memory, and Long-term Memory.
Sensory Memory
The first component of the three components, has sensory input, gets rid of the information rapidly similar to ram in a computer. Made up of Iconic Memory.
Iconic Memory
Visual Sensory memory that only lasts about a second, tested by George Sperling.
Method of Partial Report
Test done by George Sperling to appeal to iconic store and measure how well people could remember letters that were briefly flashed to a participant.
Echoic Store
The audio version of Iconic Store, slightly longer lasting.
Iconic Store
The space of memory that stores visual sensory information as part of the sensory memory.
Short-Term / Working Memory
Memory system that retains information for limited durations, encompasses information currently being attended to or being processed in some way, input into this phase is the attended to sensory input. Span of short-term memory is about 10 seconds.
Decay
An explanation of the shortness of short term memory states that memory decays over time and goes away.
Interference
An explanation of the shortness of short term memory states that loss of memory is caused by that memory being replaced by other memories.
Retroactive Interference
Interference with retention of old memories by an acquisition of new memories.
Proactive Interference
Interference with acquired memories by previous knowledge and experiences.
Magic Number of Memory
The number of total items that can be recalled in short-term memory, it is 7 give or take 2
Chunking
Organizing information into meaningful groupings, allowing for an individual to make more use of their short term memory.
Rehearsal
Repeating information to extend the duration of retention in short term-memory, can be done audibly or in your head.
Maintenance Rehearsal
Repeating stimuli in their original form to retain them in short-term memory.
Elaborative Rehearsal
Linking stimuli to each other in a meaningful way to improve retention in short-term memory.
Levels / depth of Processing
Theory stating that the deeper information is stores the easier it is for an individual to remember it. Typically has three levels, Structural (visual), Phonological (Auditory), and Semantic (Meaning). The deeper understanding of the memory the greater the memory is. Is unfalsifiable.
Long-term memory
Memory that survives decay and interference of short-term memory, and gets preverbally encoded into an individual, relatively enduring from minutes to years has a much larger capacity than Short-Term Memory.
Permastore
The part of long-term memory that appears to be permanent.
Primacy Effect
The tendency to remember items at the beginning of the list especially well.
Recency Effect
Tendency to remember things at the end of a list of items especially well.
Serial Position effect
The combinations of primacy and recency effects.
Repeated Retrieval
Repeatedly trying to recall/use the material over time.
Explicit Memory
Memories we recall intentionally and of which we have conscious awareness.
Implicit Memory
Memories we don’t deliberately recall but do anyways.
Semantic Memory
A part of Explicit memory about the facts of the world.
Episodic Memory
Part of Explicit Memory recalling anecdotal events from our lives
Priming
The activation of one concept by another.
Procedural Memory
Part of Implicit Memory, the process of knowing how to do things such as motor skills and habits.
Memory as a network of associations
Theory stating that memory can be represented as a network of associations like a web diagram, in which the further two items are from each the less they are related .
