CHAPTER 11 - Book Review Questions Flashcards
The nuclei associated with the facial nerve include the following:
(a) Spinal nucleus
(b) Inferior salivatory nucleus
(c) Nucleus ambiguus
(d) Main sensory nucleus
(e) Lacrimal nucleus
E is correct.
- The lacrimal nucleus forms part of the group of facial nuclei. A. The trigeminal nerve has a spinal nucleus. B. The inferior salivatory nucleus forms part of the glossopharyngeal nuclei. C. The nucleus ambiguus is the motor nucleus associated with the 9th, 10th, and cranial part of the 11th cranial nerves. D. The facial nerve has a sensory nucleus for taste.
A patient with unilateral upper motor neuron paralysis of the facial muscles can smile with both sides of his face in response to a joke but not voluntarily. This can be explained by the following facts:
(a) The main corticobulbar fibers controlling voluntary movement of the facial muscles have been preserved.
(b) Reticular fibers, possibly originating in the hypothalamus and descending to the motor nuclei of the facial nerves, are damaged.
(c) The facial nerves are damaged.
(d) The muscles producing mimetic movements
of the face are innervated by corticobulbar fibers that have a course separate from the main corticobulbar fibers.
(e) A lesion involving the lower motor neurons is present.
D is correct.
- In this patient, the muscles producing the mimetic movements of the face are innervated by corticobulbar fibers that have a course separate from that of the main corticobulbar fibers. A. The main corticobulbar fibers controlling the movements of the voluntary facial muscles in this patient have been destroyed. B. The reticular fibers, possibly originating in the hypothalamus and descending to the motor nuclei of the facial nerves, are intact. C. The facial nerves are intact since this patient is able to move the facial muscles. E. The lower motor neurons of the facial nerve supplying the facial muscles are intact.
Which of the following structures participates in the reception of sound?
(a) Trapezoid body
(b) Medial lemniscus
(c) Nucleus of the trigeminal lemniscus
(d) Inferior temporal gyrus
(e) Lateral geniculate body
A is correct.
- The trapezoid body participates in the
reception of sound.
The cerebral cortex is necessary for which of the following visual reflexes?
(a) Corneal reflex
(b) Accommodation reflex
(c) Consensual light reflex
(d) Pupillary light reflex
(e) Visual body reflex
B is correct.
- The cerebral cortex is necessary for
the accommodation reflex.
The nasal field of the right eye is projected to the:
(a) left lateral geniculate body.
(b) both banks of the left calcarine fissure.
(c) left optic tract.
(d) temporal retina of the right eye.
(e) left optic radiation.
D is correct.
- The nasal field of the right eye is projected to the temporal retina of the right eye. A. The nasal field of the right eye is projected to the right lateral geniculate body (see Fig. 11-2). B. The nasal field of the right eye is projected to both banks of the right calcarine fissure (see Fig. 11-2). C. The nasal field of the right eye is projected through the right optic tract (see Fig. 11-2). E. The nasal field of the right eye is projected through the right optic radiation (see Fig. 11-2).
Right pupillary constriction associated with light
directed at the left eye requires the:
(a) right optic radiation.
(b) left optic nerve.
(c) left Edinger-Westphal nucleus.
(d) left oculomotor nerve.
(e) right optic nerve.
B is correct.
- The right pupillary constriction associated with light directed at the left eye requires the left optic nerve (see Fig. 11-3). A. The right optic radiation is not required (see Fig. 11-3). C. The left Edinger-Westphal nucleus is not required (see Fig. 11-3). D. The right oculomotor nerve is required (see Fig. 11-3). E. The right optic nerve is not required (see Fig. 11-3).
Select the lettered statement concerning the hypoglossal nerve that is correct:
(a) A lesion involving the hypoglossal nerve will
result in deviation of the tongue toward the same side as the lesion when the tongue is
protruded.
(b) The hypoglossal nerve conducts taste impulses
from the posterior third of the tongue.
(c) The hypoglossal nerve emerges from the brainstem between the olive and the inferior cerebellar peduncle.
(d) The hypoglossal nerve carries with it fibers
from the third and fourth cervical nerves.
(e) The fibers of the accessory nerve wind around the motor nucleus of the hypoglossal nerve
beneath the floor of the fourth ventricle.
A is correct.
Select the lettered statement concerning the trigeminal nuclei that is correct:
(a) The main sensory nucleus lies within the medulla oblongata.
(b) The spinal nucleus extends inferiorly as far as the fifth cervical segment.
(c) Proprioceptive impulses from the muscles of mastication reach the mesencephalic nucleus along fibers that are part of the unipolar neurons of the nucleus.
(d) The sensations of pain and temperature terminate in the main sensory nucleus.
(e) The trigeminal lemniscus contains only efferent fibers from the ipsilateral sensory nuclei of the trigeminal nerve.
C is correct.
The cranial nerves listed below are associated with the following functions:
(a) The spinal part of the accessory nerve shrugs the shoulder.
(b) The oculomotor nerve closes the eye.
(c) The trigeminal nerve is responsible for swallowing.
(d) The facial nerve receives the sensation of taste
from the posterior two-thirds of the tongue.
(e) The glossopharyngeal nerve receives the sensation of touch from the anterior third of the tongue.
A is correct.
- The spinal part of the accessory nerve
supplies the trapezius muscle, which shrugs the shoulder. B. The facial nerve supplies the orbicularis oculi muscle, which closes the eye. C. The trigeminal nerve supplies the muscles of mastication responsible for chewing. D. The facial nerve receives the sensation of taste from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. E. The glossopharyngeal nerve receives the sensation of touch from the posterior third of the tongue.
The following statements concern the cranial
nerves involved in the process of vision:
(a) The nerve fibers of the optic nerve are surrounded by Schwann cells.
(b) The optic nerve is surrounded by an extension
of the subarachnoid space.
(c) Internal ophthalmoplegia is a condition in
which the oculomotor nerve supply to the dilator pupillae is lost, but the innervation of the extraocular muscles is spared.
(d) External ophthalmoplegla is a condition in which the oculomotor nerve supply to the extraocular muscles is spared, but the innervation of the sphincter pupillae and the ciliary muscle is lost.
(e) The optic nerve leaves the orbital cavity through the optic canal in the greater wing of the sphenoid bone.
B is correct.
- The optic nerve is surrounded by an extension of the subarachnoid space. A. The nerve fibers of the optic nerve are surrounded by oligodendrocytes. C. Internal ophthalmoplegia is a condition in which the oculomotor nerve supply to the sphincter pupillae and the ciliary muscle is lost, but the innervation of the extraocular muscles is spared. D. External ophthalmoplegia is a condition in which the oculomotor nerve supply to the extraocular muscles is lost, but the innervation of the sphincter pupillae and the ciliary muscle is spared. E. The optic nerve leaves the orbital cavity through the optic canal in the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone.
The following statements concern the cranial nerves listed below:
(a) The main sensory nucleus of the trigeminal
nerve Iies in the brainstem medial to the motor
nucleus.
(b) Proprioceptive impulses from the facial muscles end in the mesencephalic nucleus of the
facial nerve.
(c) The facial nerve leaves the posterior cranial
fossa with the vestibulocochlear nerve by passing through the stylomastoid foramen.
(d) The superior salivatory nucleus of the facial
nerve innervates the parotid salivary gland.
(e) The olfactory receptor cells are located in the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity above
the level of the superior concha.
Ei s correct.
- The olfactory receptor cells are located in the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity above the level of the superior concha. A. The main sensory nucleus of the trigeminal nerve lies in the brainstem lateral to the motor nucleus (see Fig. 11-7). B. Proprioceptive impulses from the facial muscles end in the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve. C. The facial nerve leaves the posterior cranial fossa with the vestibulocochlear nerve and enters the internal acoustic meatus. D. The superior salivatory nucleus of the facial nerve innervates the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands.
A 64-year-old man visited his physician because he had noticed a swelling on the right side of his neck. He mentioned that he had suffered from a chronic cough for 6 months and was rapidly losing weight.
On physical examination, the following possible signs emerged except:
(a) The right half of his tongue was wrinkled and
wasted.
(b) When he was asked to protrude his tongue, it
turned to the right.
(c) The swelling on the right side of his neck was
high up deep to the right sternocleidomastoid
muscle and was hard and fixed.
(d) A chest radiograph revealed an advanced bronchogenic carcinoma of the right lung.
(e) The patient had no taste sensation on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue on the right side.
E is correct.
- The taste sensation from the mucous membrane covering the anterior two-thirds of the tongue is conducted in the facial nerves and the chorda tympani nerves, which are a considerable distance from the metastases in the deep cervical lymph nodes in the neck.
A 64-year-old man visited his physician because he had noticed a swelling on the right side of his neck. He mentioned that he had suffered from a chronic cough for 6 months and was rapidly losing weight.
The physician made the following correct conclusions except:
(a) The patient had numerous lung metastases in
the deep cervical lymph nodes on the right side.
(b) A lesion of the right hypoglossal nerve existed at some point between the nucleus in the medulla
oblongata and the tongue muscles supplied.
(c) One of the metastases had invaded the right
hypoglossal nerve in the neck.
(d) The loss of weight could be explained by the
presence of the advanced carcinoma in the lung.
(e) The tongue was wrinkled because the mucous
membrane was atrophied.
E is correct.
- The wasted right half of the tongue and the pointing of the protruded tongue to the right side indicated a lesion of the right hypoglossal nerve. The tongue muscles on the right side had atrophied and diminished in size, resulting in the wrinkling of the overlying normal mucous membrane.
The cranial nerve nuclei listed below have the following descending tracts terminating on them:
(a) The inferior salivatory nucleus of the glossopharyngeal nerve receives descending tracts from the thalamus.
(b) The nucleus of the abducens nerve receives only crossed corticobulbar tracts.
(c) The nucleus of the facial nerve supplying the muscles of the lower part of the face receives only crossed corticobulbar tracts.
(d) The trigeminal motor nucleus receives only uncrossed corticobulbar tracts.
(e) The nucleus of the trochlear nerve receives only crossed corticobulbar tracts.
C is correct.
*The nucleus of the facial nerve supplying the muscles of the lower part of the face receives only crossed corticobulbar tracts (see Fig. 11-25). A. The inferior salivatory nucleus of the glossopharyngeal nerve receives descending tracts from the hypothalamus. B. The nucleus of the abducens nerve receives crossed and uncrossed corticobulbar tracts. D. The trigeminal motor nucleus receives crossed and uncrossed corticobulbar tracts. E. The nucleus of the trochlear nerve receives crossed and uncrossed corticobulbar tracts.
