CHAPTER 10 - Book Review Questions

Question 1

The following statements concern the basal nuclei
(ganglia):

(a) The amygdaloid nucleus is connected to the
caudate nucleus.
(b) The lentiform nucleus is completely divided by
the external capsule into the globus pallidus
and the putamen.
(c) The claustrum does not form part of the basal
nuclei.
(d) The corpus striatum lies medial to the thalamus.
(e) The function of the claustrum is well known.

Answer 1

A is correct.

• The amygdaloid nucleus is connected to the caudate nucleus (see Fig. 10-1). B. The lentiform nucleus is not divided by the external capsule into the globus pallidus and the putamen (see Fig. 10-2). C. The claustrum forms part of the basal nuclei. D. The corpus striatum lies lateral to the thalamus (see Fig. 10-2). E. The function of the claustrum is unknown.

Question 2

The following statements concern the basal nuclei (ganglia):

(a) The corpus striatum is made up of the caudate nucleus and the amygdaloid nucleus.
(b) The head of the caudate nucleus lies lateral to the internal capsule.
(c) The insula forms part of the basal nuclei.
(d) The tail of the caudate nucleus lies in the roof
of the lateral ventricle.
(e) The subthalamic nuclei are functionally closely
related to the basal nuclei and are considered
to be part of them.

Answer 2

D is correct.

• The tail of the caudate nucleus lies in the roof of the lateral ventricle (see Fig. 10-2). A. The corpus striatum is made up of the caudate nucleus and the lentiform nucleus. B. The head of the caudate nucleus lies medial to the internal capsule (see Fig. 10-2). C. The insula does not form part of the basal nuclei. E. The subthalamic nuclei are functionally closely related to the basal nuclei but are not considered to be part of them.

Question 3

The following statements concern the caudate nucleus:

(a) It is divided into a head, neck, trunk. and tail.
(b) It is an M-shaped mass of gray matter.
(c) The body of the caudate nucleus forms part of the roof of the body of the lateral ventricle.
(d) The head lies medial to the anterior horn of the
lateral ventricle.
(e) The tail terminates anteriorly in the amygdaloid
nucleus.

Answer 3

E is correct.

• The tail of the caudate nucleus terminates anteriorly in the amygdaloid nucleus (see Fig. 10-1). A. The caudate nucleus is divided into the head, body, and tail (see Fig. 10-1). B. The caudate nucleus is a C-shaped mass of gray matter (see Fig.10-1). C. The body of the caudate nucleus forms part of the floor of the body of the lateral ventricle (see Fig. 10-1). D. The head of the caudate nucleus lies lateral to the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle (see Fig. 10-2).

Question 4

The following statements concern the afferent corticostriate fibers to the corpus striatum:

(a) Each part of the cerebral cortex is randomly projected to different parts of the corpus striatum.
(b) Glutamate is not the neurotransmitter.
(c) All parts of the cerebral cortex send fibers to
the caudate nucleus and putamen.
(d) The smallest input is from the sensory motor
part of the cerebral cortex.
(e) Most of the projections are from the cortex of
the opposite side.

Answer 4

C is correct.

• All parts of the cerebral cortex send fibers to the caudate nucleus and putamen. A. Each part of the cerebral cortex is projected to specific parts of the corpus striatum. B. Glutamate is the neurotransmitter at the nerve endings of the corticostriate fibers to the corpus striatum (see Fig. 104). D. The largest input to the different parts of the corpus striatum is from the sensory motor part of the cerebral cortex. E. Most of the projection fibers are from the cerebral cortex of the same side.

Question 5

The following statements concern the nigrostriatal fibers:

(a) The neurons in the substantia nigra send axons
to the putamen.
(b) Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter.
(c) The nigrostriatal fibers are stimulatory in function.
(d) The caudate nucleus does not receive axons from the substantia nigra.
(e) Parkinson disease is caused by an increase in
the release of dopamine within the corpus striatum.

Answer 5

A is correct.

• The neurons in the substantia nigra send axons to the putamen (see Fig. 10-3). B. Dopamine is the neurotransmitter at the nerve endings of the nigrostriatal fibers. C. The nigrostriatal fibers are inhibitory in function. D. The caudate nucleus does receive axons from the substantia nigra. E. Parkinson disease is caused by a reduction in the release of dopamine within the corpus striatum.

Question 6

The following statements concern the efferent fibers of the corpus striatum:

(a) Many of the efferent fibers descend directly to
the motor nuclei of the cranial nerves.
(b) Some of the striatopallidal fibers have GABA as
the neurotransmitter.
(c) The striatonigral fibers pass from the red
nucleus to the substantia nigra.
(d) Many of the efferent fibers pass directly to the
cerebellum.
(e) The anterior horn cells of the spinal cord are
influenced directly by the efferent fibers from the corpus striatum.

Answer 6

B is correct.

• Some of the striatopallidal fibers have GABA as the neurotransmitter. A. None of the efferent fibers from the corpus striatum descend directly to the motor nuclei of the cranial nerves. C. The striatonigral fibers pass from the caudate nucleus to the substantia nigra (see Fig. 10-3). D. No efferent fibers from the corpus striatum pass directly to the cerebellum. E. The anterior horn cells of the spinal cord are not influenced directly by the efferent fibers from the corpus striatum.

Question 7

The following statements concern the functions of the basal nuclei (ganglia):

(a) The corpus striatum integrates information
received directly from the cerebellar cortex.
(b) The outflow of the basal nuclei is channeled through the globus pallidus to the sensory areas of the cerebral cortex, thus influencing muscular activities.
(c) The globus pallidus only influences the movements of the axial part of the body.
(d) The activities of the globus pallidus precede the activities of the motor cortex concerned with
discrete movements of the hands and feet.
(e) The activities of the basal nuclei are suppressed by information received from the sensory cortex, the thalamus, and the brainstem.

Answer 7

D is correct.

• The activities of the globus pallidus precede the activities of the motor cerebral cortex concerned with discrete movements of the hands and feet. A. The corpus striatum does not integrate information received directly from the cerebellar cortex. B. The outflow of the basal nuclei is channeled through the globus pallidus to the motor areas of the cerebral cortex, thus influencing muscular activities. C. The globus pallidus influences movements of the entire body. E. The activities of the basal nuclei are initiated by information received from the sensory cortex, the thalamus, and the brainstem.

Question 8

The following statements concern the basal nuclei (ganglia):

(a) The caudate nucleus and the red nucleus form the neostriatum (striatum).
(b) The head of the caudate nucleus is connected to the putamen.
(c) The tegmentum of the midbrain forms part of the basal nuclei.
(d) The internal capsule lies lateral to the globus pallidus.
(e) The basal nuclei are formed of white matter.

Answer 8

B is correct.

• The head of the caudate nucleus is connected to the putamen of the lentiform nucleus (see Fig. 10-1). A. The caudate nucleus and the putamen form the neostriatum. C. The tegmentum of the midbrain does not form part of the basal nuclei. D. The internal capsule lies medial to the apex of the globus pallidus (see Fig. 10-2). E. The basal nuclei are formed of gray matter.