Chapter 11

Question 1

Explain how to name hydrocarbons

Answer 1

1) identify the longest chain of carbon atoms and choose the correct stem
2) identify which suffix to use
3) identify any side chains, which number carbon they are on and how many carbons they have
4) identify any double bonds or functional groups and what carbon they are on
5) combine to name the organic compound

Question 2

Name the first ten stems

Answer 2

1- meth
2- eth 
3- prop 
4- but
5- pent 
6- hex 
7- hept 
8- Oct
9- non 
10- dec

Question 3

Name the first ten akyl groups

Answer 3

1- methyl 
2- ethyl 
3- propyl 
4- butyl 
5-pentyl 
6- hexyl 
7- heptyl 
8- octyl 
9- nonyl 
10- decyl

Question 4

What is the general formula for alkanes?

Answer 4

Cn H2n+2

Question 5

What is the general formula for alkenes?

Answer 5

The general formula for alkenes is CnH2n

Question 6

What is the general formula for alcohols?

Answer 6

The general formula for alcohols is

CnH2n+1OH

Question 7

What is the general formula for ketones?

Answer 7

The general formula for ketones is

CnH2nO

Question 8

What is the general formula for carboxylic acids?

Answer 8

CnH2nO2

Question 9

What is a structural formula?

Answer 9

The structural formula uses the smallest amount of detail necessary to show the arrangement of atoms in a molecule

Question 10

what is a displayed formula?

Answer 10

A displayed formula shows the relative positioning of atoms and the bonds between them

Question 11

What is a skeletal formula?

Answer 11

Skeletal formula is a simplified organic formula leaving just the carbon skeleton and associated functional groups

Question 12

Definition of a homologous series

Answer 12

a homologous series is a series of organic compounds having the same functional group each successive member differing by CH2

Question 13

What does saturated mean?

Answer 13

Saturated means there are no double carbon carbon bonds present

Question 14

What does unsaturated mean?

Answer 14

Unsaturated means there are double carbon carbon bonds present

Question 15

what Does aliphatic mean?

Answer 15

Aliphatic means a hydrocarbon has carbon atoms joined in a straight/branch chain or non-aromatic ring

Question 16

What Does aromatic mean?

Answer 16

Aromatic is a hydrocarbon compound containing a benzene ring
Draw a benzene ring

Question 17

What Does Alicyclic mean?

Answer 17

Alicyclic is a hydrocarbon which is an aliphatic compound but arranged in nonaromatic rings

Question 18

what is a structural isomer?

Answer 18

Structural isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula

Question 19

What is homolytic fission?

Answer 19

Homolytic fission is the breaking of a covalent bond with one of the bonded electrons going to each atom forming two radicals

Question 20

What is a radical?

Answer 20

A radical is a species with an unpaired electron

Question 21

What is an addition reaction?

Answer 21

And addition reaction is when two reactants join to form one product

Question 22

What is a substitution reaction?

Answer 22

A substitution reaction is an atom or group of atoms which are replaced by a different atom or group of atoms

Question 23

Is an elimination reaction?

Answer 23

Elimination reaction is the removal of a molecule to form two products