Chapter 11 Flashcards
Explain how to name hydrocarbons
1) identify the longest chain of carbon atoms and choose the correct stem
2) identify which suffix to use
3) identify any side chains, which number carbon they are on and how many carbons they have
4) identify any double bonds or functional groups and what carbon they are on
5) combine to name the organic compound
Name the first ten stems
1- meth 2- eth 3- prop 4- but 5- pent 6- hex 7- hept 8- Oct 9- non 10- dec
Name the first ten akyl groups
1- methyl 2- ethyl 3- propyl 4- butyl 5-pentyl 6- hexyl 7- heptyl 8- octyl 9- nonyl 10- decyl
What is the general formula for alkanes?
Cn H2n+2
What is the general formula for alkenes?
The general formula for alkenes is CnH2n
What is the general formula for alcohols?
The general formula for alcohols is
CnH2n+1OH
What is the general formula for ketones?
The general formula for ketones is
CnH2nO
What is the general formula for carboxylic acids?
CnH2nO2
What is a structural formula?
The structural formula uses the smallest amount of detail necessary to show the arrangement of atoms in a molecule
what is a displayed formula?
A displayed formula shows the relative positioning of atoms and the bonds between them
What is a skeletal formula?
Skeletal formula is a simplified organic formula leaving just the carbon skeleton and associated functional groups
Definition of a homologous series
a homologous series is a series of organic compounds having the same functional group each successive member differing by CH2
What does saturated mean?
Saturated means there are no double carbon carbon bonds present
What does unsaturated mean?
Unsaturated means there are double carbon carbon bonds present
what Does aliphatic mean?
Aliphatic means a hydrocarbon has carbon atoms joined in a straight/branch chain or non-aromatic ring
What Does aromatic mean?
Aromatic is a hydrocarbon compound containing a benzene ring
Draw a benzene ring
What Does Alicyclic mean?
Alicyclic is a hydrocarbon which is an aliphatic compound but arranged in nonaromatic rings
what is a structural isomer?
Structural isomers are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula
What is homolytic fission?
Homolytic fission is the breaking of a covalent bond with one of the bonded electrons going to each atom forming two radicals
What is a radical?
A radical is a species with an unpaired electron
What is an addition reaction?
And addition reaction is when two reactants join to form one product
What is a substitution reaction?
A substitution reaction is an atom or group of atoms which are replaced by a different atom or group of atoms
Is an elimination reaction?
Elimination reaction is the removal of a molecule to form two products
