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Anatomy > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

Body cavity

A

Mediastinum (a division of the thoracic cavity)

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2
Q

Protective membrane of the heart

A

Pericardium

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3
Q

3 layers of the heart wall

A

Myocardium, epicardium, and endocardium

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4
Q

Epicardium

A

Outermost layer of the heart, surrounds and covers the entire surface of the heart, forms the inner part of the pericardium

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5
Q

Myocardium

A

Middle, thickest layer of the heart

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6
Q

Cardiac muscle characteristics

A

Comprised of short, branching fibers that are striated and contain a single nucleus

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7
Q

Specialized organelles: intercalated discs

A

Contain both gap junctions and desmosomes. Purpose is to generate structural integrity and allow for synchronization of the heartbeat

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8
Q

Endocardium

A

Innermost layer of the heart. Thin tissue that lines each inner chamber of the heart. Forms the AV valves.

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9
Q

4 chambers of the heart

A

Left and right atria, left and right ventricles

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10
Q

Atria are heart chambers that

A

Receive the blood

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11
Q

Left atria

A

receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins

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12
Q

Right atria

A

Receives oxygen poor blood from the inferior vena cava

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13
Q

Ventricles are heart chambers that

A

Pump blood throughout the body

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14
Q

Left ventricle

A

Pumps blood out through the aorta

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15
Q

Right ventricle

A

Pumps blood out the pulmonary artery to the lungs

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16
Q

Two types of heart valves

A

Atrioventricular (AV) and Semilunar (SI)

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17
Q

AV valves location

A

Between the atria and the ventricles

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18
Q

SI valves location

A

Between the ventricles and the arteries

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19
Q

Tricuspid valve function:

A

AV valve that sends blood from right atrium to right ventricle

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20
Q

Bicuspid valve function

A

AV valve that sends blood from left atrium to left ventricle

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21
Q

Pulmonary SI valve function

A

Sends blood from right ventricle to pulmonary artery and into the lungs

22
Q

Aortic SI valve function

A

Sends blood from left ventricle to aorta and through body

23
Q

4 major blood vessels

A

Pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, aorta, superior and inferior vena cava

24
Q

Pulmonary arteries

A

Takes oxygen poor blood to the lungs

25
Q

Pulmonary veins

A

Returns oxygen rich blood to the left atrium

26
Q

Aorta (largest artery in the body)

A

Sends oxygen rich blood to the body tissues

27
Q

Superior and inferior vena cava

A

Veins that return oxygen poor blood to the right atria

28
Q

What is the difference between arteries and veins?

A

Arteries carry blood away from heart and veins carry blood to the heart

29
Q

What body cavity is the heart located in?

A

Mediastinum (part of the thoracic cavity)

30
Q

SA node function and location

A

Pacemaker, starts each heartbeat

Location: top of the right atrium

31
Q

AV node function and location

A

Receives signal from SA node and passes the signal down the heart
Location: bottom of the right near the septum

32
Q

SA node conduction pathway

A

Directly results in the contraction of the atria, sends signal to the AV node

33
Q

AV node conduction pathway

A

Slightly delays the SA node conduction signal to the bundle of his, delays to allow the atria to finish contracting, sends signal to the bundle of his

34
Q

Bundle of His conduction pathway

A

Relays the AV node conduction signal to the Purkinje fibers

35
Q

Purkinje fibers conduction pathway

A

Starts the contraction of the ventricles, contraction begins at the apex of the heart

36
Q

Flow of heart conduction

A

SA node, AV node, bundle of his, purkinje fibers

37
Q

Why is the left ventricle larger than the right ventricle?

A

Left v pumps blood to the entire body and right v pumps blood only to the lungs

38
Q

Normal blood pressure numbers

A

120/80 or lower

39
Q

High blood pressure numbers

A

140/90 or higher

40
Q

Systole

A

Top number: needs to be 120 or lower, it is the blood pressure that occurs when the ventricles contract

41
Q

Diastole

A

The bottom number: needs to be around 80 or lower, it is the blood pressure that occurs when the ventricles relax

42
Q

How long does the cardiac cycle last

A

1/8 second

43
Q

Systole

A

Heart contraction

44
Q

Diastole

A

Heart relaxation

45
Q

Lub

A

Closure of the AV valves

46
Q

Dup

A

Closure of the SI valves

47
Q

4 phases of the cardiac cycle

A

Atrial systole
Ventricle contraction
Ventricle systole
Ventricle diastole

48
Q

Valves in phase 1

A

AV are open

SI are closed

49
Q

Valves in phase 2

A

AV snap shut (lub sound of heartbeat)

SI valves closed

50
Q

Phase 3 valves

A

AV are closed

SI are open

51
Q

Valves in phase 4

A

AV are open

SI snap shut (dup sound of heartbeat)

52
Q

AV valves

A

Go from atrium to ventricles

Anatomy (12 decks)

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