Chapter 11 Flashcards
Biotechnology
What is biotechnology?
the utilization of biologically derived molecules, structure, cells or organisms to carry out specific process
What is modern biotechnology?
- In vitro nucleic acid techniques (DNA Based)
- Fusion of cells beyond the taxonomic family (Cell based)
What are GMOs?
Organisms in which the genetic material has been altered in a way that does not occur naturally
What example was given for genetically modified foods?
Honeycrisp apple
______ seeds are creating using traditional breeding methods where using two different by compatible plants are crossbred to create a new plant
Hybrid
What are benefits of biotechnology for producers?
- Protect against either biotic or abiotic stress
- Decrease pesticide usage
- Enhance yield
- Extend shelf life
What is biotic stress?
living organsims which can harm plants, such as viruses, fungi, bacteria, and harmful insects
What is abiotic stress?
the effect of non-living factors which can harm living organisms, such as drought, extreme temp and pollutants
What are biotechnology benefits for consumers?
Increase nutritional value
increase medicinal properties
decrease allergenic potential
Enhance taste and esthetic appeal
What is bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)?
A gram-positive, soil dwelling bacterium
What produces spores and crystalline insecticidal proteins?
Bt
What protein is effective against certain insect pests and are harmless to humans, mammals and birds?
Bt
What is gossypol?
A naturally occurring compound in the pigment of cotton plants and protects them from pests and diseases.
What is an example of genetic engineering for virus control?
Papaya
AquAdvantage Salmon has been genetically engineered to grow _________ than its non-GE farm-raised Atlantic salmon counterpart.
more rapidly
True or False. GM rice (golden rice) with increased beta- carotene to reduce morbidity, including blindness and mortality from vitamin A.
True
A combination of transgenes enabled ___________ of provitiamin A in the endosperm.
biosynthesis
GM purple tomato is rich in ____________ and can give protection against cancer.
Antioxidants
_______ can be bioreactors that need only water, minerals, sunlight, and the proper combination of genes to produce high-value biomolecules
Plants
Biotechnology can also be applied to the production or transformation of food and food ingredients and animal feed by developing ______________ able to produce chemicals, antibiotics, polymers, amino acids, and various food additives
microorganisms
True or False. The direct and indirect effects of genetically modified crops interact with the scale at which they are grown to determine the difficulty of predicting, testing, and monitoring their potential impacts.
True
What are concerns of food biotechnology?
Environmental hazards
Human health risks
Economic concerns
What is a superweed?
herbicide-tolerate
_________ are genetic copies of an animal. They’re similar to identical twins, but born at different times.
Clones
Public knowledge and understanding of biotechnology remains relatively ______.
low
Who regulates food biotechnology products?
FDA
USDA
EPA
Mandatory compliance date
Jan 1, 2022
What are the disclosure options companies have?
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