Chapter 11

Question 1

successful families

Answer 1

-provide emotional support for family members
-Take care of elders
-raise the next generation

Question 2

Extended family, Simple households, complex households

Answer 2

• Extended family = nuclear family + aunts, uncles, cousins, and grandparents
• Simple households: unrelated adults with or without children
  -Complex households two or more adults who are related but not married to each other and therefore could reasonably be expected to live separately

Question 3

Nine changes in the Canadian family

Answer 3

1. marriage rate is decreasing while cohabitation rate is increasing
2. age of first marriage is rising (since the 70’s but a lot since the 90’s)
3. more divorces overall, but the rate is falling
4. more women are having children in their 30’s
5. number of children per family has dropped below the replacement rate
6. nearly as many couples without children as with
7. children leaving the home at a later age
8. more lone parent families
9. more people living alone

Question 4

tracking family and marriage data in Canada

Answer 4

• Canadian families have changed a lot of the past 40 years
• Statistics Canada stopped collecting data in 2011
• for 90 years marriages were tracked and they started tracking divorces in 1972

Question 5

Crude marriage rate

Answer 5

the number of marriages that occur in a given year per 1000 people in a population (it fluctuates over the years)

Question 6

divorce rate and laws

Answer 6

• 1968 divorce got easier divorce rate increases
• 1985 Divorce act makes it even easier so divorce rate increases
• 2002 the divorce rate declined

Question 7

more women having kids in their 30’s

Answer 7

• 2010 average age of women giving birth surpassed 30
  -by 2011 12% of women over 35 gave birth for the first time
  -by 2015 teen birth rate declined to 2.5%
• average age of first time mothers related to average age at marriage

Question 8

Fecundity

Answer 8

• the physical ability to conceive

Question 9

Total fertility rate, replacement rate

Answer 9

• Total fertility rate: an estimate of the average number of children that women between 15 to 49 will have in their life time
• Replacement rate: the number of children that the average women must have for the population to continue at the same level

Question 10

as many couples with as without

Answer 10

• in 2011 there were more couples without children than with
• 2016 there were slightly more with

Question 11

children leaving home at later age

Answer 11

• clustered nest: phenomenon where adult children continue to live at home with their parents
• slightly more men than women

Question 12

lone parent

Answer 12

• most lone parent households began as two-parent households
• there are planned lone-parent households
• adoption as well as advances in fertility offer various ways to become a parent

Question 13

more people living alone

Answer 13

• more women living alone than men
• women outlive men which contributes to this

Question 14

Family in Quebec

Answer 14

• highest cohabitation rate
• lowest marriage rate
• highest divorce rate
  -in 2011 greatest number of births to single mothers
• greatest percentages of births to divorced women
• greatest support for same sex marriages (which was legalized in 2005)

Question 15

Conjugal roles, Bott hypothesis

Answer 15

Conjugal roles: distinctive roles of the husband and wife that result from the division of labour within the family

Bott hypothesis (Elizabeth Bott): characterized conjugal roles as
Segregated : tasks, interests, and activities are clearly different
or
Joint: many tasks, interests, and activities are shared

Question 16

Beaujot, changes in conjugal roles

Answer 16

• argues we moved from complementary to companionate relationships
• complementary roles: (Bott’s segregated roles) cast men as breadwinners and women primarily in the unpaid work of childcare and housework
  -Companionate roles: (Bott’s joint roles): breadwinning and caretaking roles overlap

Question 17

moving to companionate relationships, double ghetto

Answer 17

• the move is not complete
• married women still do more unpaid work at home than men
• imbalance referred to as double burden or second shift
• double ghetto: the marginalization of working women experience inside and outside the home

Question 18

Gender strategy, occupational segregation who

Answer 18

• Nakhaie
  -key to correcting gender imbalances is gender strategy: plan of action through which a person tried to solve problems given cultural notions of gender at play
• occupational segregation: women choose occupations that have the most flexibility in terms of childcare related work interruptions.

Question 19

ethnic factor in conjugal roles

Answer 19

• recent immigrants in some ethnic groups adhered more to segregated conjugal roles
• immigrants often slowly assimilate and adopt western approach
• ethnic factor must be considered in any study of gender roles in family

Question 20

Division of domestic labour and gender

Answer 20

• Frank and Frenette
• Mostly done by women except outside work (repairs)
• most equally done task are : dishes, grocery shopping, and gardening
  -both men and women think their sex does more work than they actually do
• men are more satisfied than women
• women in older couples (45+) more dissatisfied
• Women with young children (under 15) more dissatisfied
  -Post secondary education, place of birth, and employment status were also factors that influenced women’s dissatisfaction

Question 21

Endogamy, Exogamy

Answer 21

Endogamy: marrying someone of the same ethnic, religious, or cultural group
Exogamy: marrying outside one’s group
- ex: south Asians and Chinese people have tradition of endogamy
- Canadians are becoming more comfortable with exogamy ex: Japanese

Question 22

government and ethnicity

Answer 22

-history of Canadian government creating policies to deprive racialized minorities of family
ex: - expensive head tax on immigrants from China and South Asia
- treatment of domestic workers (Guadeloupe, Jamaica)

Question 23

Attacks on indigenous Family

Answer 23

-Indian Agents withheld food rations to enforce monogamy
- residential schools
- indigenous people (especially women) were subject to forced sterilization
- Alberta’s sexual sterilization act (eugenics, a form of genocide)
- sixties scoop