Chapter 1 Flashcards
Sociological imagination - Who? What?
-primary focus is society (not the individual)
- helps us understand how social forces shape people’s circumstances
- help us understand the connection between the political and the personal
-C. Wright Mills
Ibn Khaldun - What?
- was the fist person to conduct a sociological study
- as societies become more affluent they inevitably reach a point of decay and demise
Sociology emerged in France, Germany, and Britain in the 19th century as a response to:
- Industrialization
-Urbanization - Population increases
Auguste Comte
- supporter of positivist philosophy (Everything real can be determined through scientific study or logic everything else ex: instinct, cultural bias etc., is not real)
- wanted to develop a social science for social reconstruction
Harriet Martineau
- first woman sociologist
- social, economic, and historical topics
- translated comte’s works
Herbert spencer
- made the term survival of the fittest
- applied Darwin’s theories to humans
Friedrich Nietzsche
- no compassion for the weak
- will to power (the strong can rise above ordinary morality)
Émile Durkheim
- One of the first to consider society a legit observation subject
-studied social facts (ethics, occupations, suicide)
Georg Simmel
-Father of microsociology (studied how people experience the day to day of life)
Max weber
- Thought protestant work ethic caused the rise of capitalism
explanation: Protestants believed there was a predestined group of people who had been chosen to be saved and wanted to be seen as being part of it. they used success and accumulation of capital aka money as proof that they were part of that group.
working hard
saving
and living a materially ascetic (self denying) life by saving all the money/ only really buying property were all principles of the protestant work ethic
Antonio Gramsci
- Marxist theorist
- theory on power and hegemony (influence exerted by a dominant group)
Thomas Malthus
- Political economy
- population growth would inevitably be checked by opposing impact of famine and disease
William Graham Sumner
-taught first American sociology course (at yale)
- studied significance of manners mores, and taboos
Thorstein Veblen
-Attacked American “Conspicuous consumption”
Jane Addams
-established America’s first settlement house in Chicago
-social worker/activist, sociologist
`George Herbert Mead
- created symbolic interactionism
- self is constructed through personal exchanges with others
Charles Horton Cooley
- symbolic interactionist (looking glass self), self is created through social interaction
Robert Park
-urban sociologist
-founding ember of the Chicago school of sociology
-focus on human ecology (views the city as the main habitat for the human species)
W.E.B. Du Bois
-documented African American experience
-double consciousness ( colonized people are forced to see the world form the colonizers point of view which causes internal conflict)
Edwin sutherland
-Criminal sociologist and symbolic interactionist
-white collar crime
E. Franklin Fraier
-Studied African American families
Everett C. Hughes
- Chicago school sociologist
- ethnic division of labour in Quebec
-community research
chicago school
- conditions in chicago were bad
- first sociology department in america
-urban sociology - Robert Park, Ernest Burgess, Everett C. Hughes,
George Herbert Mead, Edwin Sutherland, and Jane Addams
Introduction to the science of sociology was written by who?
Robert park and Ernest Burgess
Different research methods used
-ethnography
-statistical measures
-community research
-participant observation
Carl Addington Dawson
-went to university of Chicago
-established sociology department at McGill
work reflected:
- social gospel movement (a movement to apply the human welfare principles of Christianity to the social, medical and psychological ills caused by industrialization and uncontrolled capitalism)
-Hands on social work
first Canadians to write a sociology textbook
- Carl Addington Dawson and Warren E. Gettys
-not a lot of Canadian context
McGill
Carl Addington Dawson, Everett C. Hughes, Horace Miner
Horace Miner
-Chicago school american sociologist and anthropologist studied french canada
-ethnography
ethnography
-a study of a community based on extensive fieldwork, primary research activities are direct observation of and interaction with the people observed.
-main research method used in social anthropology
Folk society
-very opposite to urban society
-small rural homogenous society strong sense of the sacred and the personal
U of T
Harold Innis, S.D Clark
Harold Innis
- political economy (Relationship between politics and the economics of the production, distribution and consumption of goods)
-influence of staple goods on the economic and social development of Canada
Samuel Delbert Clark
-sociological historian
- founded the department at u of t
John porter
-relationship between class and ethnicity
-cultural mosaic (groups maintain their distinct identities instead of being absorbed into a melting pot
-vertical mosaic (systemic discrimination made a hierarchy of ethnic, racial, and religious groups) he believed ethnicity was the biggest factor in determining how the “tiles” were ranked
Anne Marion Maclean
-First Canadian women to get a PhD in sociology (university of Chicago)
Aileen Ross
-first women hired as a sociologist at a Canadian university (u of T)
Helen C. Abell
founder of rural sociology in Canada
Dorothy smith (2 key theories)
- Feminist standpoint theory
Knowledge is developed form a particular lived position therefore objectivity was impossible - Institutional ethnography
Challenges the need for a neutral stance in sociological research
Soociology became a significant area of study in canada in the _____ but ______ are still underrepresented today
- 1960’s and 1970’s
-indigenous sociologists
Indigenous sociologists
Harold Cardinal, George Manuel, and Howard Adams
Confucius
-role modelling
