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Medical Terminology > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

acr/o

A

extremities

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2
Q

aden/o

A

gland

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3
Q

calc/o

A

calcium

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4
Q

crin/o

A

to secrete

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5
Q

gluc/o

A

glucose

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6
Q

glyc/o

A

sugar

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7
Q

gonad/o

A

sex glands

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8
Q

kal/i

A

potassium

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9
Q

ket/o

A

ketones

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10
Q

natr/o

A

sodium

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11
Q

radi/o

A

radiation

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12
Q

somat/o

A

body

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13
Q

-dipsia

A

thirst

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14
Q

-emic

A

blood condition

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15
Q

-pressin

A

press down

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16
Q

-tropic

A

stimulating

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17
Q

-tropin

A

to stimulate

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18
Q

hormones are:

A

chemicals that target organs to increase/decrease activity level to maintain homeostasis

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19
Q

Exocrine glands

A

secrete outside body Ex. sweat glands

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20
Q

Endocrine glands

A

ductless glands secrete in bloodstream
ex. thyroid glands

21
Q

Adrenal Glands

A

-2 above kidney
-Steroid hormones
-ex. aldosterone: regulates NA and K

22
Q

Ovaries

A

-reproduce gametes/reproductive sex cells AKA ova
-Estrogen and progesterone
- Estro: regulates menstrual cycle, appearence

23
Q

pancreas

A

-Endo and exocrine funcions
-Exo: digestive enzymes
-Endo: Insuline

24
Q

Insulin

A

-By beta cells in pancreas
- stimulates cell to take glucose from bloodstream and lower blood sugar

25
Q

Glucagon

A

by alpha cells in pancreas
- stimulates liver to release glucose, raising glucose levels

26
Q

Parathyroid glands

A

-4 on thyroid gland
- regulate Calcium in blood
-If C lvl too low, PTH is increase= bone breakdown to get C

27
Q

Pineal Gland

A

-In thalamus region of brain
- Melatonin, which regulates circadian rhythm

28
Q

Pituitary gland

A

-Under brain
-Growth hormone (somatotropin)
-Regulates thyroid, adrenal cortex, prolactin, leutenizing horm, follicle horm.

29
Q

Posterior pituitary gland

A

-Antidiuretic hormone: water reabsorption by kidney
-oxytocin: stimulates uterine contractions birth, release of milk

30
Q

Thymus gland

A

-Hormone thymosin for development of immune syst.
-Essential for growth and development, T cells

31
Q

Thyroid gland

A

-Thyroxine (t4)
-Triiodothyronine (t3)
Regulate energy and heat in body (metabolism)
- Calcitonin: deposits calcium to bone, lowering Calcium in blood

32
Q

Epinephrine

A

-Adrenal medulla
Intensifies fight or flight response

33
Q

Norepinephrine

A

-Adrenal medulla
-vasoconstrictor

34
Q

FSH

A

stimulates egg and sperm growth

35
Q

LH

A

regulates male/fem gonads, release ova in women

36
Q

Addison’s disease

A

Adrenocortical hormone deficiency

37
Q

Adrenal feminization

A

development of female secondary characteristics: breasts in a male because increased estrogen secretion

38
Q

adrenal virilism

A

develop male secondary characteristics bc androgen secretion: deep voice and facial hair

39
Q

Cushing’s syndrome

A

excessive lvl of cortisol bc of adrenal tumors and corticosteroid drugs

40
Q

Diabetes mellitus

A

Carbohydrate disorder results in Hyperglycemia and glycosuria

41
Q

Type 1 Diabetes

A

Pancreas stops insulin production, must take injections

42
Q

Type 2 Diabetes

A

Pancreas produces normal/high lvl of insulin, but cells fail to respond to it

43
Q

Recklinghausen disease

A

Excessive production of parathyroid hormone, resulting in degeneration of bones

44
Q

Tetany

A

Nerve irritability and painful muscle cramps bc hypocalcemia

45
Q

Diabetes insipidus

A

Inadequate secretion of antidiuretic hormone by pituitary gland (polyuria/polydipsia)

46
Q

goiter

A

enlargement of thyroid gland

47
Q

myxedema

A

Hyposecretion of the thyroid gland in adult

48
Q

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

A

chronic autoimmune form of thyroiditis

49
Q

Grave’s disease

A

overactivity of the thyroid gland, can cause crisis

Medical Terminology (13 decks)

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