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Medical Terminology > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Ankyl/o

A

stiff joint

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2
Q

arthr/o

A

joint

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3
Q

articul/o

A

joint

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4
Q

burs/o

A

sac

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5
Q

carp/o

A

wrist

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6
Q

cervic/o

A

neck

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7
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage

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8
Q

cortic/o

A

outer portion

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9
Q

cost/o

A

rib

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10
Q

kyph/o

A

hump

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11
Q

lamin/o

A

lamina, part of vertebra

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12
Q

lord/o

A

bent backward

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13
Q

lumb/o

A

lower back

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14
Q

medull/o

A

inner portion

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15
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow, spinal cord

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16
Q

orth/o

A

straigh

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17
Q

pector/o

A

chest

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18
Q

ped/o

A

child, foot

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19
Q

pod/o

A

foot

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20
Q

prosthet/o

A

addition

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21
Q

radi/o

A

radius, ray (x)

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22
Q

sacr/o

A

sacrum

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23
Q

sarc/o

A

flesh

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24
Q

scoli/o

A

crooked, bent

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25
Q

spondyl/o

A

vertebrae

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26
Q

tars/o

A

ankle

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27
Q

-blast

A

immature, embryonic

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28
Q

-clasia

A

to surgically break

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29
Q

-desis

A

stabilize fuse

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30
Q

-listhesis

A

slipping

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31
Q

-logic

A

pertaining to study of

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32
Q

duct/o

A

to bring

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33
Q

extens/o

A

to stretch out

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34
Q

fasci/o

A

fibrous band

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35
Q

fibr/o

A

fibers

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36
Q

flex/o

A

to bend

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37
Q

kinesi/o

A

movement

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38
Q

my/o

A

muscle

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39
Q

myos/o

A

muscle

40
Q

plant/o

A

sole of foot

41
Q

rotat/o

A

to revolve

42
Q

ten/o
tendin/o

A

tendon

43
Q

vers/o

A

to turn

44
Q

-asthenia

A

weakness

45
Q

-ion

A

action, condition

46
Q

-kinesia

A

movement

47
Q

-tonia

A

tone

48
Q

-trophic

A

pertaining to development

49
Q

ab-

A

away from

50
Q

ad-

A

toward

51
Q

circum-

A

around

52
Q

e-

A

outward. without

53
Q

in-

A

inward, without

54
Q

Bones (osseous tissue)

A
  • Carry own blood supply, nerves and lymphatic vessels.
  • Form skeleton
  • Protects organs
  • bone marrow site for cell production
55
Q

Ossification

A

gradual Process of forming bone from birth. Cartilage gradually replaced by osteoblasts (immature bone cells that mature into osteocytes)

56
Q

Bone categories:

A
  • Long: longer ex, femur
    -Short: carpals
  • Irregular: (shape) vertebrae
  • Flat: plate shaped ex. sternum
57
Q

Joints:
(articulation)

A
  • Formed when 2 or more bones meet
58
Q

Types of joints:

A

-Synovial: freely moving ex. knee
- Fibrous: almost no movement ex. skull sutures
- Cartilaginous: slight movement but hold bones in place ex. pubic symphysis

59
Q

Muscles:

A
  • Bundles of parallel muscle are Tissue fibers.
    -Hold body erect and generate heat
  • Name reflects location, insertion size, action
    ex. gluteus maximus
    ex. external oblique (abs muscle run at oblique angle)
60
Q

Axial skeleton:

A

Head, neck, spine, chest and trunk body

61
Q

Appendicular skeleton:

A

pectoral girdle, upper extremities, lower extremities

62
Q

Long bone description:

A
  • Diaphysis= shaft
  • End = epiphysis
  • connective tissue= periosteum
  • Exterior: compact bone
    -Interior: spongy bone
  • Yellow bone marrow is mainly fat
63
Q

Parts of Synnovial joint

A

-Joint capsule is lined with syno membrane, secrete syno fluid
- some contain bursa:Sac-like structure composed of connective tissue (elbows)

REDUCE FRICTION

64
Q

Orthotics

A

Profession specialized in making orthopedic appliances ex. braces, splints

65
Q

Podiatry

A

specializes in diagnosis and treatment for feet and lower leg disorder

66
Q

Callus

A

mass of bone tissue that forms at a fracture site when healing

67
Q

Chondromalacia

A

softening of cartilage

68
Q

crepitation

A

noise produced by bones/cartilage rubbing together

69
Q

Closed fracture:
(simple)

A

Fracture, no open skin wound

70
Q

Colle’s fracture

A

common type of wrist fracture

71
Q

Compound fracture
(open)

A

Skin has been broken through the fracture

72
Q

Compression fracture

A

Fracture involves loss of height of a vertebral body
(osteoporosis)

73
Q

Greenstick fracture”

A

Incomplete break, only one side is broken

74
Q

Impacted fracture

A

Fracture where bone fragments are pushed into each other

75
Q

Pathologic fracture

A

fracture caused by disease or weakened bone

76
Q

spiral fracture

A

The fracture line spirals around the shaft of the bone ( twisting)

77
Q

Stress fracture

A

slight fracture caused by repetitive low impact forces ex. running

78
Q

Transverse fracture:

A

Complete fracture straight across the bone

79
Q

Chondroma

A

tumor that forms in cartilage

80
Q

Ewing’s sarcoma

A

Malignant growth in shaft of long bone.

81
Q

exostosis

A

bone spur

82
Q

myeloma

A

bone marrow tumor

83
Q

osteogenic sarcoma

A

common type of bone cancer, osteocytes found at ends of long bones

84
Q

Paget’s disease

A

common metabolic disease of the bone

85
Q

rickets

A

Deficiency in calcium and vitamin D resulting in bone deformities ex bowed leg

86
Q

ankylosing spondylitis

A

inflammatory spinal condition

87
Q

spondylolisthesis

A

The forward sliding of a lumbar
vertebra over the vertebra below it.

88
Q

whiplash

A

cervical muscle and ligament sprain (sudden movement)

89
Q

Bunion

A

inflammation of bursa

90
Q

subluxation

A

incomplete dislocation

91
Q

adhesion

A

scar tissue forming in the fascia

92
Q

atonia

A

lack of muscle tone

93
Q

Contracture

A

Abnormal shortening of muscle fibers

94
Q

dyskinesia

A

difficult or painful movement

95
Q

Myorrhexis

A

tearing a muscle

96
Q

Torticollis

A

severe neck spasms pulling the head to one side

Medical Terminology (13 decks)

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