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Medical Terminology > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Angi/o

A

vessel

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2
Q

ather/o

A

fatty substance

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3
Q

coron/o

A

heart

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4
Q

embol/o

A

plug

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5
Q

isch/o

A

to hold back

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6
Q

myocardi/o

A

heart muscle

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7
Q

Sphygm/o

A

pulse

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8
Q

Steth/o

A

chest

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9
Q

thromb/o

A

clot

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10
Q

Valv/o
Valvul/o

A

Valve

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11
Q

Varic/o

A

dilated vein

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12
Q

Vascul/o

A

blood vessel

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13
Q

vas/o

A

vessel, duct

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14
Q

ven/o

A

vein

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15
Q

ventricul/o

A

ventricle

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16
Q

-cardia

A

heart condition

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17
Q

-manometer

A

instrument to measure pressure

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18
Q

-ole

A

small

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19
Q

-spasm

A

involuntary muscle contraction

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20
Q

-tension

A

pressure

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21
Q

-tonic

A

pertaining to tone

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22
Q

-ule

A

small

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23
Q

Cardiovascular system CV

A
  • AKA circulatory system
  • Distribution of blood throughout body
    -Heart, blood vessels, arteries, capillaries and veins
    1. pulmonary and systemic circulation
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24
Q

Systemic circulation

A
  • Part of cardiovascular system
  • oxygenated blood away from heart to tissues and cells, then back to heart
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25
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

-Part of cardiovascular system
- between heart and lungs
- deoxygenated blood to lungs and back to heart

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26
Q

Anatomy of heart

A
  • made of cardiac muscle fibers
  • 4 chambers
  • Contract= blood is ejected from heart and pushed to body through vessels
27
Q

Heart layers

A
  • 3 layers
    1. Endocardium
    2. Myocardium
    3. Epicardium
28
Q

Endocardium

A

inner heart layer
-Lines heart chambers
- smooth thin layer
- reduces friction as blood passes thru chambers

29
Q

Myocardium

A

thick muscular middle layer
- contraction develops pressure required to pump blood thru vessels

30
Q

Epicardium

A

Outer layer; heart is enclosed w/double layered pleural sac aka pericardium.

31
Q

Pericardium

A
  • Pleural sac
  • Epicardium is the visceral pericardium= inner layer of the sac
    -Outer layer of sac is Parietal pericardium
    -Fluid between layers reduces friction as heart beats
32
Q

Heart chambers

A
  • Divided in 4 chambers: two atria (upper chambers) and two
    ventricles (lower chambers)
  • Interatrial and interventricular septum divides left and right
33
Q

Heart: Atria

A

Are receiving chambers
- Blood returning to heart via veins first collects in atria

34
Q

Heart: Ventricles

A

are pumping chambers
- thick myocardium
- contraction ejects blood out of heart and into great arteries

35
Q

Heart valves:

A
  • Four valves that act as restraining gates to control direction of blood flow
  • Block blood from returning to previous chamber
36
Q

Tricuspid valve:

A
  • Right atrioventricular valve (AV)
  • controls opening between right atrium/ventricle
37
Q

Pulmonary valve:

A
  • right semilunar valve
  • between right ventricle
    and pulmonary artery
  • prevents blood ejected into pulmonary artery to return
38
Q

Mitral valve:

A

-AKA bicuspid valve
- Left atrioventricular valve
- blood flows thru this valve and cannot return into left atrium

39
Q

Aortic valve:

A
  • Left semilunar valve
  • Between left ventricle and aorta
40
Q

Blood flow through the Heart

A
  • heart to lungs, where it receives oxygen; then goes back to heart; and then out to body tissues
41
Q

Blood flow step1

A
  1. Deoxygenated blood from body enters relaxed right atrium via superior and inferior vena cava
42
Q

Blood flow step 2

A
  1. Right atrium contracts and blood flows to tricuspid intro relaxed right ventricle
43
Q

Blood flow step 3

A
  1. right ventricle contracts and blood is pumped through pulmonary valve into pulmonary artery (takes it to lungs for oxygenation)
44
Q

Blood flow step 4

A
  1. Left atrium receives blood returning to heart after getting oxygen from lungs
    Blood enters relaxed left atrium from 4 pulmonary veins
45
Q

Blood flow step 5

A
  1. Left atrium contracts and blood flows thru mitral valve into relaxed left ventricle
46
Q

Blood flow step 6

A
  1. Left ventricle contracts, blood is pumped thru aortic valve and into aorta (biggest artery) which carries blood to all body
47
Q

Diastole

A

Period of time when chamber is RELAXED

48
Q

Systole

A

CONTRACTION phase

49
Q

Heartbeat

A
  • Is regulated by autonomic nervous system
  • no voluntary control
50
Q

Electrical conduction (heartbeat) #1

A
  1. Sinoatrial (SA) node
    - AKA pacemaker
    - Electrical impulses begin, travels through atria causing systole (contraction)
51
Q

Electrical conduction (heartbeat) #2

A
  1. Atrioventricular node is stimulated
52
Q

Electrical conduction (heartbeat) #3

A
  1. Node transfers stimulation wave to atrioventricular bundle (bundle of his)
53
Q

Electrical conduction (heartbeat) #4

A
  1. Electrical signal ravels down bundle branches
54
Q

Electrical conduction (heartbeat) #5

A
  1. Purkinje fibers in ventricular myocardium are stimulated = systole
55
Q

Arteries characteristics:

A
  • Large, thick walled vessels
  • carry blood away from heart
  • As arteries travel through body they branch into progressively smaller vessels; arterioles= deliver blood to capillaries
56
Q

Capillaries characteristics:

A
  • Tiny blood vessels= capillary bed
  • very thin, allows diffusion of oxygen and nutrients into tissue
57
Q

Veins characteristics:

A
  • carry blood back to the heart
  • thinner walls than arteries
  • skeletal muscle helps movement in blood thru veins
58
Q

Blood pressure:

A

measurement of force exerted by blood against wall of blood vessel

59
Q

Pulse

A

surge of blood caused by heart contraction (pulse rate = to heart rate)

60
Q

inter-

A

between

61
Q

stenosis

A

narowing

62
Q

Infarct

A

are of tissue within organ or part that undergoes necrosis bc loss of blood supply

63
Q

Ischemia

A

Localized and temporary deficiency of blood supply due to obstruction

64
Q

angina pectoris

A

condition with severe pain and sensation of constriction around heart
-caused by deficiency of oxygen

Medical Terminology (13 decks)

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