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Microbiology > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is vertical gene transfer?

A

Genes transfer from one generation to the next (replication)

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2
Q

What is horizontal gene transfer?

A

Genes transfer between cells of the same generation (recombonation)

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3
Q

What is bidirectional synthesis?

A

Refers to the direction of DNA replication in prokaryotes (goes in both directions around circle)

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4
Q

What is the point where replication ends?

A

Termination of replication (ter)

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5
Q

What is the purpose of DNA ligase in replication?

A

Joins ends of DNA fragments together like a glue

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6
Q

What is the purpose of primase in replication?

A

Adds RNA primer

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7
Q

What is the purpose of DNA polymerase in replication?

A

Synthesizes new DNA

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8
Q

What is the purpose of helicase in replication?

A

Used for unwinding/unzipping DNA

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9
Q

What is the purpose of DNA gyrase (or topoisomerase)?

A

Relaxes supercoils in DNA (so there is no twisting at other end like a long phone cord)

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10
Q

What is another name for the origin of replation?

A

Oric

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11
Q

DNA polymerase plays a role in…

A

DNA replication

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12
Q

RNA polymerase plays a role in…

A

Transcription

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13
Q

Reverse transcriptase plays a role in…

A

Reverse transcription (exclusive to viruses)

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14
Q

Ribosomes play a role in…

A

Translation

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15
Q

Chromosomes in prokaryotes vs eukaryotes

A

Prokaryotes: circular, singular
Eukaryotes: linear, multiple

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16
Q

Amount of origins of replication in prokaryotes vs eukaryotes

A

Prokaryotes: single origin
Eukaryotes: multiple origins

17
Q

End of replication in prokaryotes vs eukaryotes

A

Prokaryotes: ter sequence
Eukaryotes: telomere

18
Q

Histone association in prokaryotes vs eukaryotes

A

Prokaryotes: non-histone proteins
Eukaryotes: histones (wraps around proteins to condense it)

19
Q

What is the role of promoters in DNA?

A

Initiates transcription

20
Q

Need of RNA editing in prokaryotes vs eukaryotes

A

Prokaryotes: no RNA editing
Eukaryotes: RNA editing needed (splicing, 5’ cap, 3’ poly-A tail)

21
Q

Coding regions in transcription in prokaryotes vs eukaryotes

A

Prokaryotes: produces polycistronic mRNAs (many regions) – clusters of genes are all transcribed together in an operon
Eukaryotes: produces monocistronic mRNAs (1 region)

Microbiology (9 decks)

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