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Microbiology > Chapter 1 - Intro to Microbiology > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Intro to Microbiology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Why study microbiology? (4)

A
  • Prevent contamination (aseptic technique)
  • Prevent disease occurrence
  • Prevent food spoilage
  • Many microbes are beneficial
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2
Q

What are the beneficial roles of microbes? (5)

A
  • Great decomposers (recycle nutrients)
  • Role in recycling biologically active gases
  • Natural members of human body
  • Commercial/industry use
  • Research
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3
Q

Microbes that cause disease are called?

A

Pathogens

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4
Q

Why study history in a science class? (3)

A
  • Know how we know what we know
  • Show progress and methods (scientific method)
  • Honor scientists
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5
Q

Robert Hooke

A

Magnifying lenses, studied plant cells

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6
Q

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

A

1st microscope, observed bacteria

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7
Q

Francisco Redi

A

Meat jars!

  • Uncovered: maggots
  • Sealed: no maggots
  • Gauze: no maggots
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8
Q

Rudolf Virchow

A

Concept of biogenesis (life from life)

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9
Q

What is biogenesis?

A

Life from life

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10
Q

What is spontaneous generation?

A

Life from nonlife (Aristotle)

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11
Q

Louis Pasteur

A

Wanted to delay beer spoilage (used S-shaped flask)

Showed that there’s microbes in air/fluids

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12
Q

Joseph Lister

A

Applied Pasteur’s findings to medicine (handwashing, disinfecting)

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13
Q

Robert Koch

A

Koch’s postulates (linked specific pathogens to diseases)

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14
Q

What is taxonomy?

A

Classifying, describing, identifying, and naming organisms

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15
Q

What is phylogeny?

A

Groups based on evolutionary history (tree)

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16
Q

What is a strain?

A

Genetic variant of species (think subtype) e.g. dog breeds

17
Q

What are the types of prokaryotes? (2)

A

Archaea, bacteria

18
Q

What does it mean that archaea are extremophiles?

A

They like extreme environments!

  • Methanogens: produce methane
  • Halophiles: salt loving
  • Thermophiles: heat loving
19
Q

Bacteria replicate via…

A

Binary fission

20
Q

What are some characteristics of prokaryotes?

A

No nucleus, no membrane-bound organelles, small/simple

21
Q

What are some characteristics of eukaryotes?

A

Nucleus, membrane-bound organelles, big/complex

22
Q

What are the kingdoms of eukarya?

A

Protozoa, animalia, fungi, plantae

23
Q

What are some characteristics shared in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

A

DNA/RNA, ribosomes, cytoplasm

24
Q

Algae are part of the…

A

Protozoa (eukarya)

25
Q

Fungi have what cell walls?

A

Chitin

Microbiology (9 decks)

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