Chapter 11

Question 1

which term describes the territory structural organization of chromosomal DNA that allows the long strand to be packed and fit into the cytoplasm of the cell?

Answer 1

supercoiling

Question 2

which statement about cellular DNA is incorrect?

supercoiling of cellular DNA is controlled by topoisomerase
supercoiling allows cellular DNA to be packed into a small space
DNA exists in the cell as very long, tightly packed molecules
supercoiling makes the separation of the two strands of DNA easier for replication and transcription
most cellular DNA is positively supercoiled

Answer 2

most cellular DNA is positively supercoiled

Question 3

which statements about euchromatin and heterochromatin are correct

Answer 3

euchromatin undergoes condensation and decondensation through the cell cycle
the majority of transcription takes place on euchromatin

Question 4

most of the centromere and telomere structures consist of

Answer 4

heterochromatin

Question 5

describe prokaryotic DNA structure

Answer 5

DNA is circular
condensed only by DNA supercoiling
arranged in a single looped structure
does not have telomere region

Question 6

describe eukaryotic DNA structure

Answer 6

DNA is linear
condensed around histone proteins
arranged in multiple chromosomes
has repeating telomere region

Question 7

in a circular bacterial chromosome, the structure of DNA is a ___ double helix

Answer 7

right handed

Question 8

if DNA is twisted in the ____ direction, it becomes overwound

Answer 8

right handed

Question 9

overwinding results in ____ supercoiling

Answer 9

positive

Question 10

if DNA is twisted in the _____ direction, it becomes underwound

Answer 10

left handed

Question 11

underwinding results in _____ supercoiling

Answer 11

negative

Question 12

heterochromatin

Answer 12

the denser form of chromatin

the type of chromatin that is not usually transcribed

Question 13

euchromatin

Answer 13

the looser form of chromatin

the type of chromatin that is most often transcribed

Question 14

arrange the features of eukaryotic chromosome packaging in order form the smallest unit to the largest unit

Answer 14

base pair 
nucleosome 
coiled fiber 
chromosome 
genome

Question 15

histone proteins

Answer 15

attach to DNA and from compacted DNA- protein associations

Question 16

the less condensed form of chromatin is

Answer 16

euchromatin

Question 17

the inactive form of chromatin is

Answer 17

heterochromatin

Question 18

a core composed of ____ proteins interacts with DNA through hydrogen bonding and ionic bonds

Answer 18

histone

Question 19

if DNA structure is described as “beads on a string” , a “bead” is a

Answer 19

histone

Question 20

the more darkly staining form of a chromatin is

Answer 20

heterochromatin

Question 21

if DNA structure is describe as “ beads on a string”, the “string” is the

Answer 21

DNA molecule

Question 22

a_____ is a DNA -protien complex

Answer 22

nucleosome

Question 23

DNA is wrapped around histone proteins and coiled to form a dense fiber called chromatin.
which statements describes the function of the chromatin conformation of DNA?

Answer 23

DNA is wrapped around histone proteins to regulate gene expression

Question 24

how does chromosome compaction differ during metaphase and interphase in eukaryotes?

Answer 24

chromosomes are more compacted in metaphase than in interphase

Question 25

what is the function of the centromere in the transmission of genetic information?

Answer 25

the attachment point for sister chromatids