Chapter 106- Aging Flashcards
Unavoidable physiologic changes in the skin influenced by genetic and hormonal factors
Intrinsic or chronologic skin aging
Most powerful source of extrinsic skin aging
UV radiation
Larger contributor of skin aging due to greater depth of penetration
UVA
Decreased epidermal turnover rate by __ during 3rd to 8th decades
30-50%
By 60 years old, nearly __% have graying of hair
50
Decrease in sebaceous gland number is noted during aging.
True or False
False, constant in no
Dry, extremely pruritic fissured skin with scales
Asteatotic eczema
Common complaint of elderly
Pruritus or itchy skin
Blood resorption of senile purpura is noted within __ weeks
2
Senile purpura is associated with use of
Aspirin
Anticoagulants
Preventable changes due to environmental factors
Photoaging
Extrinsic Aging
Elderly is defined as
X> 65 years old
Intrinsic vs extrinsic
- Loss of rete ridges
- Reduced ECM
- Reduced fibroblasts
- Reduced collagen, elastin
- Reduced lipids
- Solar elastosis
- Epidermal thinning
2.3.6. Extrinsic
Intrinsic vs Extrinsic
- Xerosis
- Fine wrinkles
- Telangiectasia
- Dyspigmentation
- Pallor
- Decreased elasticity
- Fragility
1, 6, 7 - both
2, 5, intrinsic
3, 4 extrinsic
Normal consequence of aerobic metabolism
Production of ROS
Tandem DNA sequence that are shortened with each somatic cell division
Telomeres
Final pathway for both intrinsic aging and photoaging
Disruption of normal loop at end of telomeres
Cell cycle is irreversibly arrested
Replicative senescence
Of the UV radiation that reaches the earth’s surface, __% is UVA and __% is UvB
95%, 5%
Source of direct DNA damage, inflammation, and immunosuppression
UVB
50% of the total solar spectrum which generated ROS
Visible light
__ does not penetrate thte skin
Infrared B (1400 - 3000nm) Infrared C (3000nm - 1mm)
Critical modulator of redox balance and oxidative stress
Estrogen receptor signaling (genomic and nongenomic)
Postmenopausal changes (5)
Dryness Thinner skin Reduced elasticity Increased wrinkles Decreased collagen content
Layer of epidermis most greatly impacted by epidermal atrophy
Spinous cell layer
Most pronounced and consistent histologic changes of aged skin (2)
Flattening of DEJ
Loss of rete ridges
Average thickness of stratum corneum changes with age.
True or False
False, does not
Between 50 and 80 years old, __ results in impaired lipid processing enzymatic activity
Abnormal stratum corneum acidification
Decrease in epidermal __ accounts for increased dryness and scaling of skin
Filaggrin
Number of functional melanocytes decline by __% per decade
20
Most striking histologic alteration of photodamaged dermis
Solar elastosis
__ is independent of UV exposure and is likely a result of focal epidermal homeostasis
Seborrheic keratoses
___ has been implicated in seborrheic keratoses
Endothelin 1
Small, circular, oval red papules due to proliferation of blood vessels that increase in size and number with age and bleeds with minor trauma
Senile angioma
Cherry angioma
SCC and AK are associated with habitual sun exposure.
True or False
True
BCC and melanoma are associated with history of __ sun exposure
Habitual and intense intermittent
Cancer of the inner lining of blood vessels commonly present on head and neck
Angiosarcoma
Angiosarcoma expresses high levels of __
VEGF
VEGFR2
Defining characteristic of polycythemia vera
Pruritus
