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7th > Chapter 101- Drug abuse > Flashcards

Chapter 101- Drug abuse Flashcards

1
Q

Specific findings of drug use (5)

A 
Dental caries
Madarosis
Scarring 
Tattooing
Staining
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2
Q

Most widely used psychoactive substance in the world

A

Caffeine

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3
Q

Recurrent use of illegal drugs or the misuse of nonprescription or prescription drugs that results in negative consequences

A

Drug abuse

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4
Q

Characterized by physiologic dependence and inability to consistently abstain from the drug

A

Drug addiction

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5
Q

With the exception of caffeine, ___ is the most widely used drug in the world

A

Cannabis

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6
Q

Second most commonly used drug worldwide

A

Amphetamine

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7
Q

Cause the highest negative health impact

A

Opiates

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8
Q

‘The gateway drug’ is the most commonly used illicit drug

A

Marijuana

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9
Q

Central role in many neuropsychiatric conditions, including substance addiction

A

Dopaminergic neural pathways

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10
Q

Protective factors for drug use

A

Religiosity

Strong family support

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11
Q

Gold standard for diagnosis of most legal and illegal agents

A

Drug testing

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12
Q

Result of venous thrombosis with subsequenr scarring and pigmentation of the veins

A

Track marks

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13
Q

The most common site for track marks

A

Medial vein in the antecubital fossa of nondominant arm

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14
Q

Lack of track marks precludes IV drug use.

True or False

A

False, does not

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15
Q

Most common drugs associated with track marks

A

Cocaine

Heroin

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16
Q

Method of injecting intradermally or subcutaneously leaving irregular leukodermic atrophic scars that are irreversible

A

Skin popping

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17
Q

Lobular panniculitis can be induced by sclerosants such as ___ and diluents such as ___

A

Pentazocine

Talc

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18
Q

Most common disease for which users are admitted to the hospital

A

Skin and soft tissue infections

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19
Q

Overdose is the usual acute complication seen in the population.
True or False

A

False, sepsis

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20
Q

Skin popping has a ___fold greater risk of infection when compared to IV injection

A

5

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21
Q

Blood cultures are often negative in SSTIs.

True or False

A

True

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22
Q

Most frequently cultured organism

A 
#1 Staphylococcus aureus
#2 group A B hemolytic Streptococcus
#3 Rikinella corrodens
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23
Q

Classic signs of anaerobic infection such as free air bubbles on radiograph or foul smell may not be present.
True or False

A

True

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24
Q

___, added to heroin, increases the risk of tetanus

A

Quinine

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25
___ is ideal for the growth of botulism due to high water content
Black tar heroin
26
Diagnostic test of choice for botulism
Standard mouse bioassay of serum
27
Treatment of botulism
Antitoxin + high dose penicillIn + surgical debridement
28
___ has been reported among IV heroin users who ised lemon juice to dissolve the heroin
Disseminated candidiasis
29
___ can be achieved through the use of inhalants
Euphoria and delirium
30
Perioral or perinasal dermatitis in perioral or perinasal area associated with use of inhalants
Huffer’s rash
31
Helpful clue to inhalant-induced dermatitis
Yellow crust due to nitrates
32
Other terms for cocaine
``` C Coke Snow Flake Blow ```
33
Sympathomimetic that causes tachycardia, HPN, and mydriasis from Erythroxylum coca
Cocaine
34
Free base form of cocaine processed with ammonia or sodium bicarbonate
Crack
35
Nasal verrucae that can develop in cocaine users
Snorter’s warts
36
___ antibodies are found in patients with cocaine-induced midline destructive lesions
Anti human neutrophil elastase antibodies
37
Cocaine has been implicated in the ff: | 8
``` Unmask or cause scleroderma, Raynaud phenomenon SJS, AGEP Urticarial vasculitis, Churg Strauss, necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis Buerger disease Halitosis Lip smacking Formication Madarosis Palmar hyperkeratosis ```
38
Common adulterant added to cocaine that can cause neutropeni, agranulocytosis, and vasculitis
Levamisole
39
Distinctive retiform purpura on the ears with or without lesions elsewhere (nose, cheeks, extremities)
Levamisole-induced necrosis syndrome (LINES)
40
Half life of levamisole
5-6 hours
41
High titers of __ are present in 70% of cases
Perinuclear antineutrophil antibodies and anti-MPO antibodies
42
Other terms for heroin
H Junk Ska Smack
43
Opiate, synthesized from morphine that causes miosis, respiratory depression
Heroin
44
A heroin user may inject up to __ times a day
4
45
Heroin users can develop ___, esp on genitals and on their face
High pruritus
46
Heroin causes:
``` Urticaria Puffy hand syndrome Penile ulcers, necrotizing cellulitis of scrotum FDE, TEN Pemphigus vegetans Necrolytic migratory erythema Acanthosis nigricans ```
47
Alternatives to heroin
Tripelennamine with pentazocine (Ts and blues)
48
Induce a sense of euphoria and enhance senosry perception via effects on multiple neurochemical pathways; pimples and widespread guttate psoriasis
3,4- methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)
49
Induce euphoria and aphrodisiac, and a ‘reversible coma’ and short term memory loss
Gamma hydroxybutyrate Liquid X Liquid Ecstacy Fantasy
50
It causes euphoria, increased energy, anxiety, aggression, hallucinations, and severe withdrawal.
``` Methamphetamine Meth Speed Chalk Ice Crystal Glass Crank ```
51
Signs of methamphetamine abuse (5)
``` Intense pruritus Body odor Weight loss Premature aging Hyperhidrosis ```
52
Consists of numerous dental caries and enamel erosions satrting at the gum line due to xerostomia, bruxism, and poor dental hygiene
Meth mouth
53
Treatment for narcolepsy
Amphetamine and methylphenidate
54
Found in ergot, alter one’s sense of time and sensory perception
Lysergic acid diethylamide | Mushrooms
55
Main cutaneous side effect of LSD
Dry mouth
56
Psychoactive compounds of LSD
Psilocybin | Psilocin
57
Clonazepam can cause (2)
Morbiliform hypersensitivity eruptions | Erythema multiforme
58
Other names for cannabis
Marijuana Mary Jane Pot Weed
59
Psychoactive chemical compund of marijuana
9- tetrahydrocannabinol
60
For cannabis, oral consumption effects starts later than inhalation but can lasy as long as ___
6 hours
61
Serious vascular complication that can occur with chronic use of cannabis. It presents as peripheral ischemia of the lower limbs
Cannabis arteritis
62
Cannabis arteritis may be due to combine vasocontrictive effects of THC and
Arsenic
63
Difference of cannabis arteritis vs atherosclerosis
Cannabis arteritis: occlusion below the knee | Atherosclerosis: calcified plaques in iliofemoral areas
64
Treatment for cannabis arteritis
Low dose aspirin (81mg) | If severe, iloprost (2mkday)
65
Expand volume of drug to increase distribution
Diluent
66
Enhance the effects of main active ingredient or facilitate administration of drug
Adulterants
67
An adulterant in heroin which causes cardiac events
Clenbuterol
68
Combination of areca nut, betel elaf, slaked lime
Betel quid
69
Main stimulant of betel
Psychoactive alkaloid
70
Brownish red discoloration of buccal mucosa associated with irregular desquamation due to betel use
Chewer’s mucosa
71
Prodrome of oral dysethesia followed by palpable vertical fibrous bands that may require surgical interventions associated with betel use
Oral submucous fibrosis
72
Oral carcinoma can occur on the ff areas (2) due to betel use
Buccal areas of tongue | Labial mucosa
73
Synthetic opioid ten times more potent than heroin
Desomorphine | Krokodil
74
Drug of abuse in Russia that is highly addictive and causes scaly green black changes in users which also involves muscle and cartilaginous tissue
Desomorphine | Krokodil
75
Common cutaneous signs of alcohol abuse (3)
Spider angiomata Palmar erythema Telangiectasia
76
Latent congenital nevi that presents in the setting of alcohol-induced hyperestrogenism, often in C3-C4 distribution, as thread-like collections of fine telangiectasias
Nevoid telangiectasia
77
Systemic jaundice is seen when serum bilirubin levels reach greater than ___
2.5mg/dl
78
Classic nail change ‘Terry’s nails’ seen in liver cirrhosis is described as
Proximal nail: nontranslucent white | Distal nail: pink
79
Terry’s nails present in ___ of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis
80%
80
Hallmark cutaneous condition associated with alcohol abuse
Porphyria cutanea tarda
81
More than __ chemicals m found in tobacco smoke are known to be carcinogenic
70
82
Use of tobacco incites/worsens the ff conditions (4)
Psoriasis Hidradenitis suppurativa Subacute and chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus
83
Smokers should not use __ due to high risk of lung cancer
B carotene supplements
84
Uniform keratosis of the hard palate with multiple umbilicated erythematous papules that are the inflamed orifices of minor salivary glands
Leukokeratosis nicotinica palati (nicotine stomatitis, smoker’s palate)
85
Homogenous white plaque that affects the anterior 2/3 of dorsal tongue
Leukokeratosis nicotinica glossae
86
Legally prescribed opioids that can produce analgesia
Hydrocodone Oxycodone Morphine Codeine
87
Most common side effect of prescription opioids
CNS depression
88
Side effects may not reverse upon discontinuation of anabolic steroids. True or False
True
89
Systemic side effects associated with anabolic steroid use
Hepatic enzyme elevation Jaundice HPN Lipid abnormalities
90
Most common drug that cause madarosis
Cocaine Heroin Methamphetamine
91
Most common drugs that cause vasculitis
Cocaine Levamisole Cannabis Tobacco
92
Most common drugs that cause Formication
Methamphetamine Cocaine Heroin Alcohol
93
Most common drugs that cause acne
MDMA Methamphetamine Anabolic steroids Cannabis

7th (23 decks)

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