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7th > Chapter 101- Drug abuse > Flashcards

Chapter 101- Drug abuse Flashcards

1
Q

Specific findings of drug use (5)

A 
Dental caries
Madarosis
Scarring 
Tattooing
Staining
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2
Q

Most widely used psychoactive substance in the world

A

Caffeine

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3
Q

Recurrent use of illegal drugs or the misuse of nonprescription or prescription drugs that results in negative consequences

A

Drug abuse

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4
Q

Characterized by physiologic dependence and inability to consistently abstain from the drug

A

Drug addiction

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5
Q

With the exception of caffeine, ___ is the most widely used drug in the world

A

Cannabis

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6
Q

Second most commonly used drug worldwide

A

Amphetamine

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7
Q

Cause the highest negative health impact

A

Opiates

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8
Q

‘The gateway drug’ is the most commonly used illicit drug

A

Marijuana

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9
Q

Central role in many neuropsychiatric conditions, including substance addiction

A

Dopaminergic neural pathways

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10
Q

Protective factors for drug use

A

Religiosity

Strong family support

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11
Q

Gold standard for diagnosis of most legal and illegal agents

A

Drug testing

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12
Q

Result of venous thrombosis with subsequenr scarring and pigmentation of the veins

A

Track marks

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13
Q

The most common site for track marks

A

Medial vein in the antecubital fossa of nondominant arm

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14
Q

Lack of track marks precludes IV drug use.

True or False

A

False, does not

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15
Q

Most common drugs associated with track marks

A

Cocaine

Heroin

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16
Q

Method of injecting intradermally or subcutaneously leaving irregular leukodermic atrophic scars that are irreversible

A

Skin popping

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17
Q

Lobular panniculitis can be induced by sclerosants such as ___ and diluents such as ___

A

Pentazocine

Talc

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18
Q

Most common disease for which users are admitted to the hospital

A

Skin and soft tissue infections

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19
Q

Overdose is the usual acute complication seen in the population.
True or False

A

False, sepsis

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20
Q

Skin popping has a ___fold greater risk of infection when compared to IV injection

A

5

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21
Q

Blood cultures are often negative in SSTIs.

True or False

A

True

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22
Q

Most frequently cultured organism

A 
#1 Staphylococcus aureus
#2 group A B hemolytic Streptococcus
#3 Rikinella corrodens
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23
Q

Classic signs of anaerobic infection such as free air bubbles on radiograph or foul smell may not be present.
True or False

A

True

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24
Q

___, added to heroin, increases the risk of tetanus

A

Quinine

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25
Q

___ is ideal for the growth of botulism due to high water content

A

Black tar heroin

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26
Q

Diagnostic test of choice for botulism

A

Standard mouse bioassay of serum

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27
Q

Treatment of botulism

A

Antitoxin + high dose penicillIn + surgical debridement

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28
Q

___ has been reported among IV heroin users who ised lemon juice to dissolve the heroin

A

Disseminated candidiasis

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29
Q

___ can be achieved through the use of inhalants

A

Euphoria and delirium

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30
Q

Perioral or perinasal dermatitis in perioral or perinasal area associated with use of inhalants

A

Huffer’s rash

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31
Q

Helpful clue to inhalant-induced dermatitis

A

Yellow crust due to nitrates

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32
Q

Other terms for cocaine

A 
C 
Coke
Snow
Flake
Blow
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33
Q

Sympathomimetic that causes tachycardia, HPN, and mydriasis from Erythroxylum coca

A

Cocaine

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34
Q

Free base form of cocaine processed with ammonia or sodium bicarbonate

A

Crack

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35
Q

Nasal verrucae that can develop in cocaine users

A

Snorter’s warts

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36
Q

___ antibodies are found in patients with cocaine-induced midline destructive lesions

A

Anti human neutrophil elastase antibodies

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37
Q

Cocaine has been implicated in the ff:

8

A 
Unmask or cause scleroderma, Raynaud phenomenon
SJS, AGEP
Urticarial vasculitis, Churg Strauss, necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis
Buerger disease
Halitosis
Lip smacking
Formication
Madarosis
Palmar hyperkeratosis
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38
Q

Common adulterant added to cocaine that can cause neutropeni, agranulocytosis, and vasculitis

A

Levamisole

39
Q

Distinctive retiform purpura on the ears with or without lesions elsewhere (nose, cheeks, extremities)

A

Levamisole-induced necrosis syndrome (LINES)

40
Q

Half life of levamisole

A

5-6 hours

41
Q

High titers of __ are present in 70% of cases

A

Perinuclear antineutrophil antibodies and anti-MPO antibodies

42
Q

Other terms for heroin

A

H
Junk
Ska
Smack

43
Q

Opiate, synthesized from morphine that causes miosis, respiratory depression

A

Heroin

44
Q

A heroin user may inject up to __ times a day

A

4

45
Q

Heroin users can develop ___, esp on genitals and on their face

A

High pruritus

46
Q

Heroin causes:

A 
Urticaria
Puffy hand syndrome
Penile ulcers, necrotizing cellulitis of scrotum
FDE, TEN
Pemphigus vegetans
Necrolytic migratory erythema
Acanthosis nigricans
47
Q

Alternatives to heroin

A

Tripelennamine with pentazocine (Ts and blues)

48
Q

Induce a sense of euphoria and enhance senosry perception via effects on multiple neurochemical pathways; pimples and widespread guttate psoriasis

A

3,4- methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)

49
Q

Induce euphoria and aphrodisiac, and a ‘reversible coma’ and short term memory loss

A

Gamma hydroxybutyrate
Liquid X
Liquid Ecstacy
Fantasy

50
Q

It causes euphoria, increased energy, anxiety, aggression, hallucinations, and severe withdrawal.

A 
Methamphetamine
Meth
Speed
Chalk
Ice
Crystal
Glass
Crank
51
Q

Signs of methamphetamine abuse (5)

A 
Intense pruritus
Body odor
Weight loss
Premature aging
Hyperhidrosis
52
Q

Consists of numerous dental caries and enamel erosions satrting at the gum line due to xerostomia, bruxism, and poor dental hygiene

A

Meth mouth

53
Q

Treatment for narcolepsy

A

Amphetamine and methylphenidate

54
Q

Found in ergot, alter one’s sense of time and sensory perception

A

Lysergic acid diethylamide

Mushrooms

55
Q

Main cutaneous side effect of LSD

A

Dry mouth

56
Q

Psychoactive compounds of LSD

A

Psilocybin

Psilocin

57
Q

Clonazepam can cause (2)

A

Morbiliform hypersensitivity eruptions

Erythema multiforme

58
Q

Other names for cannabis

A

Marijuana
Mary Jane
Pot
Weed

59
Q

Psychoactive chemical compund of marijuana

A

9- tetrahydrocannabinol

60
Q

For cannabis, oral consumption effects starts later than inhalation but can lasy as long as ___

A

6 hours

61
Q

Serious vascular complication that can occur with chronic use of cannabis. It presents as peripheral ischemia of the lower limbs

A

Cannabis arteritis

62
Q

Cannabis arteritis may be due to combine vasocontrictive effects of THC and

A

Arsenic

63
Q

Difference of cannabis arteritis vs atherosclerosis

A

Cannabis arteritis: occlusion below the knee

Atherosclerosis: calcified plaques in iliofemoral areas

64
Q

Treatment for cannabis arteritis

A

Low dose aspirin (81mg)

If severe, iloprost (2mkday)

65
Q

Expand volume of drug to increase distribution

A

Diluent

66
Q

Enhance the effects of main active ingredient or facilitate administration of drug

A

Adulterants

67
Q

An adulterant in heroin which causes cardiac events

A

Clenbuterol

68
Q

Combination of areca nut, betel elaf, slaked lime

A

Betel quid

69
Q

Main stimulant of betel

A

Psychoactive alkaloid

70
Q

Brownish red discoloration of buccal mucosa associated with irregular desquamation due to betel use

A

Chewer’s mucosa

71
Q

Prodrome of oral dysethesia followed by palpable vertical fibrous bands that may require surgical interventions associated with betel use

A

Oral submucous fibrosis

72
Q

Oral carcinoma can occur on the ff areas (2) due to betel use

A

Buccal areas of tongue

Labial mucosa

73
Q

Synthetic opioid ten times more potent than heroin

A

Desomorphine

Krokodil

74
Q

Drug of abuse in Russia that is highly addictive and causes scaly green black changes in users which also involves muscle and cartilaginous tissue

A

Desomorphine

Krokodil

75
Q

Common cutaneous signs of alcohol abuse (3)

A

Spider angiomata
Palmar erythema
Telangiectasia

76
Q

Latent congenital nevi that presents in the setting of alcohol-induced hyperestrogenism, often in C3-C4 distribution, as thread-like collections of fine telangiectasias

A

Nevoid telangiectasia

77
Q

Systemic jaundice is seen when serum bilirubin levels reach greater than ___

A

2.5mg/dl

78
Q

Classic nail change ‘Terry’s nails’ seen in liver cirrhosis is described as

A

Proximal nail: nontranslucent white

Distal nail: pink

79
Q

Terry’s nails present in ___ of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis

A

80%

80
Q

Hallmark cutaneous condition associated with alcohol abuse

A

Porphyria cutanea tarda

81
Q

More than __ chemicals m found in tobacco smoke are known to be carcinogenic

A

70

82
Q

Use of tobacco incites/worsens the ff conditions (4)

A

Psoriasis
Hidradenitis suppurativa
Subacute and chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus

83
Q

Smokers should not use __ due to high risk of lung cancer

A

B carotene supplements

84
Q

Uniform keratosis of the hard palate with multiple umbilicated erythematous papules that are the inflamed orifices of minor salivary glands

A

Leukokeratosis nicotinica palati (nicotine stomatitis, smoker’s palate)

85
Q

Homogenous white plaque that affects the anterior 2/3 of dorsal tongue

A

Leukokeratosis nicotinica glossae

86
Q

Legally prescribed opioids that can produce analgesia

A

Hydrocodone
Oxycodone
Morphine
Codeine

87
Q

Most common side effect of prescription opioids

A

CNS depression

88
Q

Side effects may not reverse upon discontinuation of anabolic steroids.
True or False

A

True

89
Q

Systemic side effects associated with anabolic steroid use

A

Hepatic enzyme elevation
Jaundice
HPN
Lipid abnormalities

90
Q

Most common drug that cause madarosis

A

Cocaine
Heroin
Methamphetamine

91
Q

Most common drugs that cause vasculitis

A

Cocaine
Levamisole
Cannabis
Tobacco

92
Q

Most common drugs that cause Formication

A

Methamphetamine
Cocaine
Heroin
Alcohol

93
Q

Most common drugs that cause acne

A

MDMA
Methamphetamine
Anabolic steroids
Cannabis

7th (23 decks)

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