Chapter 10: Specific Drugs & Their Purpose

Question 1

Penicillins G and V

Answer 1

Most important natural forms used to treat gram-positive cocci, some gram-negative bacteria

Question 2

Methicillin, nafcillin, cloxacillin

Answer 2

useful in treating infections caused by some penicillinase-producing bacteria (resistant to penicillin)

Question 3

Mezlocillin, azlocillin

Answer 3

Extended spectrum; can be substituted for combinations of antibiotics

Question 4

Cephalothin, cefazolin

Answer 4

Most effective against gram-positive cocci, few gram-negative bacteria

Question 5

Doripenem, imipenem (Carbapenems)

Answer 5

Powerful but potentially toxic; reserved for use when other drugs are not effective

Question 6

Aztreonam (Carbapenems)

Answer 6

Narrow-spectrum; used to treat gram-negative aerobic bacilli causing pneumonia, septicemia, & UTI’s; effective for those allergic to penicillin

Question 7

Bacitracin (Carbapenems)

Answer 7

Narrow-spectrum; used to combat superficial skin infections caused by streptococci and staphylococci; main ingredient in Neosporin

Question 8

Aminoglycosides (streptomycin)

Answer 8

Insert on sites on the 30S subunit and cause the misreading of the mRNA leading to abnormal proteins

Question 9

Tetracyclines (terramycin)

Answer 9

Block the attachment of tRNA on the A acceptor site and stop further protein synthesis

Question 10

Tigecycline (Glycylcyclines)

Answer 10

Newer derivative of tetracycline; effective against bacteria that have become resistant to tetracyclines

Question 11

Clindamycin

Answer 11

Broad-spectrum antibiotic used to treat penicillin-resistant staphylococci, serious anaerobic infections of the stomach and intestines unresponsive to other antibiotics.

Question 12

Linezolid

Answer 12

Synthetic drug from the oxazolidinones; novel drug that inhibits the initiation of protein synthesis; used to treat antibiotic-resistant organisms such as MRSA and VRE

Question 13

Sulfonamides

Answer 13

Interfere with folate metabolism by blocking enzymes required for synthesis of tetrahydrofolate, which is needed by the cells for folic acid synthesis and eventual production of DNA, RNA, and amino acids

Question 14

Silver Sulfadiazine

Answer 14

Used to treat burns, eye infections

Question 15

Trimethoprim

Answer 15

Inhibits the enzymatic step immediately preceding the step inhibited by sulfonamides; trimethoprim often given in conjunction with sulfamethoxazole; Used to treat pneumocystis jiroveci in AIDS patients