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Microbiology > Chapter 1: Introduction to Microbiology (PPT) > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Introduction to Microbiology (PPT) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Name the microorganisms

A

bacteria
algae
protozoa
helminths

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2
Q

Characteristics of viruses are

A

parasitic
protein-coated genetic elements
dependent on their infected host
connected with the evolution of microbes and humans

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3
Q

Historical uses of microbes

A 
bread production
alcohol production 
cheese production
treatment of wounds and lesions-production of antibiotics or secondary metabolites, eg enzymes
Bioremediation
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4
Q

Genetic Engineering

A

an area of biotechnology that manipulates the genetics of microbes, plants, and animals for creating new products and genetically modified organisms (GMOs)

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5
Q

Agrobacterium tumefaciens

A

used as a vector to introduce foreign genes into plants

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6
Q

Recombinant DNA Technology

A

The transfer of genetic material from one organism to another to deliberately alter the DNA and produce a specific product

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7
Q

Pseudomonos

A

Bacteria used to clean up oil in Exxon Valdez Oil Spill

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8
Q

Emerging Diseases

A

new infectious diseases such as AIDS, hepatitis C, and viral encephalitis

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9
Q

Re-emerging Diseases

A

older diseases such as tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) once thought to be under control are again becoming a serious threat

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10
Q

Helicobacter pylori

A

Bacteria that cuases stomach ulcers

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11
Q

Louis Pasteur

A

Used a series of experiments with swan-necked flasks to disprove abiogenesis

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12
Q

Robert Hooke

A

studied household objects, plants, and trees using a simple magnifying glass

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13
Q

Leeuwenhoeke

A

manufactured simple microscopes to see the threads in fabrics; observed “animals” in a drop of rainwater; also observed “animalcules” scraped from his and others’ teeth

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14
Q

Joseph Lister

A

use of aseptic techniques in surgery in the mid-1800s

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15
Q

Ferdinand Cohn

A

Discovered endospores

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16
Q

Oliver Wendell Holmes and Ignaz Semmelweis

A

Importance of handwashing

17
Q

Robert Koch

A

developed a series of postulates that verified the germ theory of disease and established a link between a microbe and the disease it caused

18
Q

Polymerase Chain Reaction

A

breakthrough in our ability to detect tiny amounts of DNA and then amplify them into quantities sufficient for studying (used in forensic labs and other DNA detections)

19
Q

Biofilms

A

Biofilms are accumulations of bacteria and other microbes on surfaces.

20
Q

Eukaryotes

A

contain organelles – small, double-membrane- bound structures that perform specific functions in a cell and include the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplasts

21
Q

Prokaryotes

A

about 10 times smaller than eukaryotes; lack organelles; all prokaryotes are microorganisms

22
Q

Microorganisms from largest to smallest

A

Helminths
Protozoa
Bacterium
Virus

23
Q

Characteristics of Cells

A

Cells tend to be spherical, polygonal, cubical, or cylindrical; protoplasm is encased in a cell or cytoplasmic membrane; have chromosomes containing DNA and ribosomes for protein synthesis; exceedingly complex in function

24
Q

Scientific name is a combination of…

A

scientific name is a combination of the genus and species names

25
Q

How do you format scientific names (print and handwritten)?

A

scientific names are italicized when they are written in print and underlined when they are written by hand

26
Q

How do you format scientific names when abbreviated?

A

the genus name is abbreviated to the first initial followed by a period and the full species name is written

27
Q

Organization of taxonomy (largest to smallest)

A 
domain
kingdom
phylum or division
class 
order
family
genus  
species
28
Q

Darwin and Haeckel

A

Proposed two kingdoms: plants and animals

29
Q

Haeckel later added what two kingdoms?

A

Protista and Monera

30
Q

Whittaker

A

Added the kingdom Fungi

31
Q

Five kingdoms

A 
animals
plants
protists
monera
fungi
32
Q

The Woese-Fox System

A

Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya

Microbiology (14 decks)

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