Chapter 10 - Physiology & Histology of the Skin

Question 1

The study of the structure and composition of the skin tissue

Answer 1

Skin histology

Question 2

The basic material and building blocks for our body’s tissues

Answer 2

Proteins

Question 3

Attributes of healthy skin

Answer 3

Somewhat acidic

Question 4

The skins mechanism that protects us from irritation and intercellular transepidermal water loss

Answer 4

Barrier function

Question 5

How does the body NOT thermoregulate?

Answer 5

Absorption

Question 6

The outermost later of the skin

Answer 6

Epidermis

Question 7

The bottom layer of the epidermis

Answer 7

Stratum germinativum

Question 8

Fiberous protein that provides resiliency and protection to the skin

Answer 8

Keratin

Question 9

What is the average cell turnover rate

Answer 9

28 days

Question 10

What is know as the granular layer

Answer 10

Stratum granulosum

Question 11

Protects the body from infections by identifying foreign material (antigens)

Answer 11

Langerhans immune cells

Question 12

What stimulates melanin production

Answer 12

Sunlight/UV

Question 13

What color is eumelanin

Answer 13

Dark brown to black

Question 14

Fibrous protein that forms elastic tissue and gives skin its elasticity

Answer 14

Elastin

Question 15

Denser deeper layer of the dermis

Answer 15

Reticular layer

Question 16

What percentage of keratin does hair contain

Answer 16

90%

Question 17

What glands secrete oil

Answer 17

Sebaceous glands

Question 18

White blood cells that have enzymes to digest and kill bacteria and parasites

Answer 18

Leukocytes

Question 19

What do lymphs not do

Answer 19

Supply nutrients

Question 20

What rays are know as burning rays

Answer 20

UVB

Question 21

Take electrons from compounds in the body such as proteins, lipids, or DNA

Answer 21

Free radicals

Question 22

What is a result of tobacco on the skin

Answer 22

Contraction of blood vessels

Question 23

Dilation is the capillary walls

Answer 23

Telangiectasia

Question 24

Chronic vascular disorder characterized by couperose veins and congestion of the skin

Answer 24

Rosacea

Question 25

What is phytoestrogen

Answer 25

Estrogen from plants

Question 26

Largest organ of the body

Answer 26

Skin

Question 27

Protective barrier made up of sebum, lipids, sweat, and water

Answer 27

Acid mantle

Question 28

Fluid between epidermal cells

Answer 28

Intercellular matrix

Question 29

Cell stimulators

Answer 29

Fibroblasts

Question 30

Attached to the hair follicles contract and cause goosebumps

Answer 30

Arrector pili muscle

Question 31

Top outermost layer of the epidermis

Answer 31

Stratum corneum

Question 32

Thin, clear layer of dead skin cells under the stratum corneum

Answer 32

Stratum lucidum

Question 33

Spiny layer

Answer 33

Stratum spinosum

Question 34

Basal layer, located above the dermis, composed of a single layer of basal cells laying on a "basement layer"

Answer 34

Stratum germinativum

Question 35

The enzyme that stimulates melanocytes and thus produces melanin

Answer 35

Tyrosinase

Question 36

What color is pheomelanin

Answer 36

Red to yellow

Question 37

The support layer of connective tissues

Answer 37

Dermis

Question 38

Arrector pili muscles use what type of nerve

Answer 38

Motor

Question 39

A group of way lipid molecules important to barrier function and water-holding capacity such as glycolipids

Answer 39

Ceramides

Question 40

Stimulates skin cells to reproduce and heal

Answer 40

Epidermal growth factor (EDF)

Question 41

Opening for a sweat gland

Answer 41

Pore

Question 42

Oily substance that protects the surface of the skin and lubricates both the skin and hair

Answer 42

Sebum

Question 43

Fiber protein that provides resiliency and protection to the skin

Answer 43

Keratin

Question 44

Loose connective tissue and adipose tissue found below the reticular layer

Answer 44

Subcutaneous layer

Question 45

This connects the dermis to the epidermis

Answer 45

Papillary layer

Question 46

This creates a protective cushion that gives contour and smoothness to the body, as well as providing a source of energy for the body

Answer 46

Adipose tissue

Question 47

Coiled structures attached to the hair follicles found under the arms and in the genital area

Answer 47

Apocrine gland

Question 48

Sweat glands found all over the body with opening on the skin's surface through pores

Answer 48

Eccrine glands

Question 49

Binding of a protein molecule to a glucose molecule, resulting in the formation of damaged, nonfunctioning structures

Answer 49

Glycation

Question 50

T / F the functions, layers, and anatomy of the skin are the foundation estheticians need to learn before caring for the skin

Answer 50

True

Question 51

T / F the body protects itself from the cold by dilating the blood vessels and increasing blood flow

Answer 51

False, decreases blood flow

Question 52

T / F Estheticians are licensed to work only on the epidermis unless they are working with a licensed medical practitioner

Answer 52

True

Question 53

T / F Triglycerides, ceramides, waxes, and fatty acids are made in the stratum germinativum

Answer 53

False, stratum granulosum

Question 54

T / F Damage to DNA triggers melanocyte stimulating hormones to produce melanin

Answer 54

True

Question 55

T / F Collagen and elastin are more widely spaced in the reticular layer than the papillary layer

Answer 55

False, widely spaced in papillary

Question 56

T / F UVA rays are more prevalent than UVB rays

Answer 56

True

Question 57

T / F Anything that causes a rise in blood sugar results in inflammation on a cellular level

Answer 57

True