Chapter 10 Memory Flashcards
Memory
The storage and retrieval of what has been learned and experienced
Encoding
The transforming of information so the nervous system can process it
Storage
The process by which information is maintained over a period of time
Retrieval
The process of obtaining information that has been stored in memory
Sensory memory
Very brief memory storage immediately following initial reception of a stimulus
Short term memory
Memory that is limited in capacity to about seven items and in duration by the subjects active rehearsal
Maintenance rehearsal
A system for remembering involving repeating information to oneself without attempting to find meaning in it
Chunking
The process of grouping items to make them easier to remember
Primary recency effect
We are better able to recall information presented at the beginning and end of a list
Long term memory
The storage of information over extended periods of time
Semantic memory
Knowledge of language, including its rules, words,and meanings
Episodic memory
Memory of ones life, including time and occurrence
Declarative memory
Memory of knowledge that can be called forth consciously as needed
Procedural memory
Memory of learned skills that does not require conscious recollection
Recognition
Memory retrieval in which a person identifies an object, idea, or situation as one he or she has not experienced before
Recall
Memory retrieval in which a persons reconstructs previously learned material
Reconstructive memory
Memory that has been simplified, enriched, or distorted, depending on and individuals experiences and attitudes
Confabulation
The act of filling in memory gaps
Schemas
Conceptual frameworks a person uses to make sense of the world
Eidetic memory
The ability to remember with great accuracy visual information on the basis of short term exposure
State dependent learning
Occurs when you recall information easily when you are in the same physiological or emotional state or setting as you were when you originally encoded the information
Decay
Fading away of memory over time
Interference
Blockage of a memory by previous or subsequent memories
Proactive interference
An earlier memory blocks you from remembering related new information
Retroactive
A later memory r new information blocks you from remembering information learned earlier
Amnesia
A loss of memory that Amy occur after a blow to the head or as a result of brain damage
Elaborate rehearsal
The linking of new information to material that is already known
Mnemonic device
Techniques for using associations to memorize and retrieve information
