Chapter 1

Question 1

Physiological

Answer 1

Physical needs (sleep, hunger)

Question 2

Cognitive

Answer 2

Private, unobservable mental reasons (thinking and understanding)

Question 3

Psychology

Answer 3

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes tested through scientific research

Question 4

Hypothesis

Answer 4

An educated guess or assumption that is tested through scientific research

Question 5

Theory

Answer 5

A complex explanation based on findings from a large number of studies

Question 6

Basic Science

Answer 6

Conducting research to gain knowledge

Question 7

Applied Science

Answer 7

Using scientific findings to accomplish practical goals (using what they already know)

Question 8

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 8

Opened the first psychology lab in Germany. Believed in introspection, importance in procedures, not results. 2 kinds of elements, sensations and feelings.

Question 9

Structuralism

Answer 9

Early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the human mind. Studied the basic elements that make up conscious mental experiences.

Question 10

Introspection

Answer 10

A method of self observation in which participants report their thoughts and feelings. Wilhelm Wundt

Question 11

Functionalism

Answer 11

Study of the function, not structure, of consciousness. Study functions of the mind and behavior in adapting to the environment. William James

Question 12

Gestalt psychology

Answer 12

Perception is more than the sum of its parts-it involves a whole pattern, or in German, a gestalt. Studied how sensations are assembled into perceptual experience.

Question 13

Psychoanalyst

Answer 13

A psychologist who studies how unconscious motives and conflicts determine human behavior.

Question 14

Behaviorist

Answer 14

A psychologist who analyzes how organisms learn or modify their behavior based on their response to events in the environment.

Question 15

Humanist

Answer 15

A psychologist who believes that each person has freedom in directing his or her future and achieving personal growth.

Question 16

Cognitivist

Answer 16

A psychologist who studies how we process, store, retrieve, and use information and how cognitive processes influence our behavior.

Question 17

Psychobiologist

Answer 17

A psychologist who studies how physical and chemical changes in our bodies influence our behavior.

Question 18

Sociocultural psychology

Answer 18

The newest approach to psychology which involves studying the influence of cultural and ethnic similarities and differences on behavior and social functioning.

Question 19

Psychologist

Answer 19

A scientist who studies the mind and behavior of humans and animals.

Question 20

Clinical psychologist

Answer 20

A psychologist who diagnoses and treats people with emotional disturbances.

Question 21

Counseling psychologist

Answer 21

A psychologist who usually helps people deal with problems of living.

Question 22

Psychiatry

Answer 22

A branch of medicine that deals with mental, emotional, or behavioral disorders.

Question 23

Developmental psychologist

Answer 23

A psychologist who studies the emotional, cognitive, biological, personal, and social changes that occur as an individual matures. Research based

Question 24

Educational psychologist

Answer 24

A psychologist who is concerned with helping students learn.

Question 25

Community psychologist

Answer 25

A psychologist who may work in a mental health or social welfare agency.

Question 26

Industrial/organizational psychologist

Answer 26

A psychologist who uses psychological concepts to make the workplace a more satisfying environment for employees and managers.

Question 27

Sigmund Freud

Answer 27

A physician who was interested in the unconscious mind. Believed that beneath the surface there are primitive biological urges that conflict with the requirements of society and morality.

Question 28

Free Association

Answer 28

A patient would say everything that came to mind without attempting to produce logical or meaningful statements. Sigmund Freud.