Chapter 1 Flashcards
Physiological
Physical needs (sleep, hunger)
Cognitive
Private, unobservable mental reasons (thinking and understanding)
Psychology
The scientific study of behavior and mental processes tested through scientific research
Hypothesis
An educated guess or assumption that is tested through scientific research
Theory
A complex explanation based on findings from a large number of studies
Basic Science
Conducting research to gain knowledge
Applied Science
Using scientific findings to accomplish practical goals (using what they already know)
Wilhelm Wundt
Opened the first psychology lab in Germany. Believed in introspection, importance in procedures, not results. 2 kinds of elements, sensations and feelings.
Structuralism
Early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the human mind. Studied the basic elements that make up conscious mental experiences.
Introspection
A method of self observation in which participants report their thoughts and feelings. Wilhelm Wundt
Functionalism
Study of the function, not structure, of consciousness. Study functions of the mind and behavior in adapting to the environment. William James
Gestalt psychology
Perception is more than the sum of its parts-it involves a whole pattern, or in German, a gestalt. Studied how sensations are assembled into perceptual experience.
Psychoanalyst
A psychologist who studies how unconscious motives and conflicts determine human behavior.
Behaviorist
A psychologist who analyzes how organisms learn or modify their behavior based on their response to events in the environment.
Humanist
A psychologist who believes that each person has freedom in directing his or her future and achieving personal growth.
Cognitivist
A psychologist who studies how we process, store, retrieve, and use information and how cognitive processes influence our behavior.
Psychobiologist
A psychologist who studies how physical and chemical changes in our bodies influence our behavior.
Sociocultural psychology
The newest approach to psychology which involves studying the influence of cultural and ethnic similarities and differences on behavior and social functioning.
Psychologist
A scientist who studies the mind and behavior of humans and animals.
Clinical psychologist
A psychologist who diagnoses and treats people with emotional disturbances.
Counseling psychologist
A psychologist who usually helps people deal with problems of living.
Psychiatry
A branch of medicine that deals with mental, emotional, or behavioral disorders.
Developmental psychologist
A psychologist who studies the emotional, cognitive, biological, personal, and social changes that occur as an individual matures. Research based
Educational psychologist
A psychologist who is concerned with helping students learn.
Community psychologist
A psychologist who may work in a mental health or social welfare agency.
Industrial/organizational psychologist
A psychologist who uses psychological concepts to make the workplace a more satisfying environment for employees and managers.
Sigmund Freud
A physician who was interested in the unconscious mind. Believed that beneath the surface there are primitive biological urges that conflict with the requirements of society and morality.
Free Association
A patient would say everything that came to mind without attempting to produce logical or meaningful statements. Sigmund Freud.
