Chapter 10 Key Terms Flashcards
any behavior intended to harm another person who is motivated to avoid the harm
aggression
any behavior that intentionally harms a substitute target rather than the provacateur
displaced aggression
any behavior that intentionally harms another person who is physically present
direct aggression
any behavior that intentionally harms another person who is physically absent
indirect aggression
hot, impulsive, angry behavior motivated by a desire to harm someone
hostile (reactive) aggression
cold, premeditated, calculated harmful behavior that is a means to some practical or material end
instrumental (proactive) aggression
aggression that has as its goal extreme physical harm, such as injury or death
violence
behavior that either damages interpersonal relationships or is culturally undesirable
antisocial behavior
an innate (inborn, biologically programmed) tendency to seek a particular goal, such as food, water, or sex
instinct
in Freudian theory, the constructive, life-giving instinct
eros
in Freudian theory, the destructive, death instinct
thanatos
observing and copying or imitating the behavior of others
modeling
proposal that “the occurrence of aggressive behavior always presupposes the existence of frustration” and “the existence of frustration always leads to some form of aggression”
frustration-aggression hypothesis
blockage of or interference with a personal goal
frustration
the tendency to perceive ambiguous actions by others as aggressive
hostile attribution bias
the tendency to perceive social interactions in general as being aggressive
hostile perception bias
the tendency to assume that people will react to potential conflicts with aggression
hostile expectation bias
a response to stress that involves aggressing against others or running away
fight or flight syndrome
a response to stress that involves nurturing others and making friends
tend and befriend syndrome
behavior that involves intentionally harming another person’s social relationships, feelings of acceptance, or inclusion within a group
relational aggression
persistent aggression by a perpetrator against a victim for the purpose of establishing a power relationship over the victim
bullying
the use of the internet (e.g. email, social networking sites, blogs) to bully others
cyberbullying
violence that occurs within the home or family, between people who have a close relationship with each other
domestic violence
the increase in aggression that occurs as a result of the mere presence of a weapon
weapons effect
the number of people in a given area
density
the subjective and unpleasant feeling that there are too many people in a given area
crowding
the male sex hormone, high levels of which have been linked to aggression and violence in both animals and humans
testosterone
the “feel good” neurotransmitter, low levels of which have been linked to aggression and violence in both animals and humans
serotonin
an addictive stimulant drug obtained from the leaves of the coca plant
cocaine
according to Malaysian culture, refers to behavior of a young man who becomes “uncontrollably” violent after receiving a blow to his ego
running amok
a society that places high value on individual respect, strength and virtue, and accepts and justifies violent action in response to threats to one’s honor
culture of honor
killing another individual who has brought “dishonor” to the family (e.g. a woman who has committed adultery)
honor killing
a state of disgrace or loss of self-respect (or of respect from others)
humiliation
not telling the truth
lying
socially unacceptable words such as profanity or swear words; speech that constitutes sexual harassment or discrimination, hate speech, and verbally abusive words
taboo words
to claim that ideas or words of another person as one’s own without crediting that person
plagiarize
using someone’s personal information (e.g. social security number) in order to obtain money or credit from their bank accounts
identity theft
a sense of anonymity and loss of individuality, as in a large group, making people especially likely to engage in antisocial behaviors such as theft
deindividuation
social standards that prescribe what people ought to do
norms
norms that specify what most others approve or disapprove of
injunctive norms
norms that specify what most people do
descriptive norms
the unpleasant emotional response people experience when someone is trying to restrict their freedom to engage in a desired behavior
psychological reactance
proposal that signs of disorder such as broken windows, litter, and graffiti induce other antisocial behaviors
broken windows theory
