Chapter 10 - Cellular Respiration & Fermentation Flashcards
1
Q
What is cellular respiration?
A
- Process that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen
- Glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water + energy
- C6H2O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O -> energy
- Every living thing respirates
2
Q
Catabolic
A
Breaks molecules down
3
Q
Exergonic
A
Releases energy
4
Q
Aerobic
A
Requires oxygen
5
Q
Redox reactions
A
- Reduction: Gain of elections
- Oxidation: Loss of electrons
- Involves the transfer of electrons from one molecule to another
6
Q
3 processes of cellular respiration
A
- Glycolysis
- Krebs cycle
- Electron transport chain
7
Q
Glycolysis
A
- Takes place in the cytoplasm
- Breaks down glucose
- Anaerobic process
8
Q
Process of glycolysis
A
- 1 molecule of glucose is converted into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid (1:2)
- Pyruvate is transported into the matrix of the mitochondria
- Pyruvate is then converted into Acetyl CoA by pyruvate dehydrogenase
9
Q
Krebs cycle
A
- 2nd part of cellular respiration
- In the mitochondria
10
Q
Process of the Krebs cycle
A
- 2 Acetyl CoA molecules combine with 4 Co2 molecules to form citric acid
- With 2 Acetyl CoA:
- 2 ATP molecules
- 6 NADH molecules
- 2 FADH2 molecules
- 4 CO2 molecules
11
Q
Electron transport chain
A
- Occurs in the inner membrane of the mitochondria
- Uses high energy electrons to produce ATP with ATP synthase
12
Q
Process of the electron transport chain
A
- NADH and FADH2 pass their electrons to proton pumps which pump them into the inner membrane space
- The protons form a gradient and pass through ATP synthase to produce ATP
13
Q
Total ATP yield
A
- 36 ATP produced across 3 cycles
- 36% of energy is used and 64% is released as heat and helps maintain homeostasis
14
Q
Why is fermentation used?
A
- With no oxygen, glycolysis produces 2 ATPs from glucose and pyruvate
- This requires NAD+, which is produced from the electron transport chain
- Fermentation produces ATP and regenerates NAD+
15
Q
Types of fermentation
A
- Alcohol fermentation
- Lactic acid fermentation
- Pyruvic acid and NADH are used as reactants and NAD+ is used as a product
