Chapter 10 Flashcards
How are leaders by their very nature?
Optimistic
Positive
Smile
All of the above
All of the above
All of the studies done by scientists in the field of psychology so far points to what conclusion?
You need to build new habits and use willpower
Smiling is contagious
Happiness is good for you and those around you
All of the above
Happiness is good for you and those around you
What does it mean to raise your set point of happiness?
Feeling positive most of the time
Unbridled bliss
Having intense highs and avoiding all unpleasant emotions
Being a strength-based leader
Feeling positive most of the time
What is the goal of positive psychology?
To ensure you are always happy
To never think about negative thoughts
To help you flourish
To focus on your teams well being
To help you flourish
Who believed and endorsed that we have a fundamental human right to pursue and build happiness?
Seligman
Thomas Jefferson
Aristotle
All of the above
All of the above
Who thought that all human action was to achieve happiness?
Seligman
Thomas Jefferson
Aristotle
All of the above
Aristotle
When and who initiated a tectonic upheaval in psychology called positive psychology?
WW1 - Thomas jefferson
1998 - Seligman
WWII - Aristotle
1976 - Gallup
1998 - Seligman
What were many military personnel of WWII given as a psychiatric diagnosis?
Shell shock
Combat fatigue
Post traumatic shock syndrome
Depression
Combat fatigue
What were many military personnel of WWI given as a psychiatric diagnosis?
Shell shock
Combat fatigue
Post traumatic stress disorder
Depression
Shell shock
How was combat fatigue responded to?
With drugs
With psychology
With counseling and therapy
All of the above
All of the above
What job was the therapist expected to do?
To minimize negative emotion
To make veterans less anxious
To make veterans less depressed
All of the above
All of the above
According to the World Health Organization, what is the most costly disease in the world?
Heart disease
Depression
Diabetes
Obesity
Depression
This focus on treating negative emotion accelerated when what was defined in 1976?
Shell shock
Combat fatigue
Post traumatic stress disorder
Depression
Post traumatic stress disorder
The treatment of negative emotion was applied to how many of the veterans returning from the Iraq and Afghanistan wars? 20% 30% 40% 50%
20%
What did the vast majority of psychologists concentrate on in the twentieth century?
The dark side of humanity
Treating PTSD
Trying to create positive thinking
Treating depression
The dark side of humanity
What was the relief-rate for treating negative emotion? 50% 65% 75% Less than 10%
65%
Who proved to the US Army that it’s possible to turn trauma into growth by showing them the magic of human resiliency?
The Gallup corporation
A small team of Harvard researchers
Seligman and his small select crew of fellow psychologists
Thomas Jefferson
Seligman and his small select crew of fellow psychologists
Since 1998, what has research shown to be particularly beneficial?
Trying to correct people’s weaknesses
Focusing on negative emotion
Being pessimistic
Getting people in touch with their strengths
Getting people in touch with their strengths
Much of your happiness, personally and as a leader, depends on you knowing what and using them?
Positive emotions
Key signature strengths
Natural born talents
Birth rights
Key signature strengths
What puts the strength into strength-based leaders and is the platform as a police leader?
Positive psychology
Positive emotion
Smiling
Being optimistic
Positive psychology
The studies to-date have found that leaders are usually _____ in well-being, optimism, resiliency, and happiness?
Below average
Average
Above average
Mediocre
Above average
To increase recovery, when should people be taught how to recover and restore their well-being?
Before traumatic events
During traumatic events
Both before and during traumatic events
After traumatic events
Both before and during traumatic events
What are the five key elements of PERMA?
Positive emotions, engagement, positive relationships, meaning, and accomplishment
Positive achievement, emotions, positive relationships, mentorship, and acknowledgement
Positive relationships, empowerment, recognition, meaning, and achievement
Positive emotions, engagement, positive relationships, meaning, and positive achievement
Positive emotions, engagement, positive relationships, meaning, and accomplishment
Where should PERMA be practiced?
Career and financial
Social and community
Physical
All of the above
All of the above
What is the Losada ratio?
Positive versus negative input/feelings
Teaching positivity
Focusing on positive emotions
A ratio of positive psychology
Positive versus negative input/feelings
In an organizational setting, how many positive inputs are needed to recover from one slam? 1 3 5 You can not recover
3
Any less than how many positive inputs results in a feeling of negativity after one slam? 1 3 5 6
3
Who is the guru of good marriage?
Gallup
John Gottman
Seligman
Sonja Lyubomirsky
John Gottman
Some positive psychologists argue that we’re genetically wired for what?
For a given degree of happiness or optimism
Some form of negative emotions
The need for positivity
All of the above
For a given degree of happiness or optimism
Some positive psychologists argue what can be permanently elevated and retained?
The degree of happiness
Your level of optimism
The set-point
Your goals
The set-point
How do some positive psychologists claim you are able to flourish?
With physical exercises
With daily exercises in positivity
By elevating your degree of happiness
All of the above
With daily exercises in positivity
When do you return to your birthright happiness set point?
When you stop with physical exercises
When you stop with daily exercises in positivity
When you stop elevating your degree of happiness
All of the above
When you stop with daily exercises in positivity
Skill x effort is the formula for what?
Achievement
Willpower
Empowerment
Accomplishment
Accomplishment
What is effort? Self-control Will power Time spent on a task Happiness
Time spent on a task
What are the main character qualities of how much time you devote to a task?
a. Self-control
b. Will power
c. Skill
d. Both a and b
d. Both a and b
What has research told us is the real leverage we have for increased achievement?
Increased effort
Increased self-control
Increased skill
Both a and b
Increased effort
The idea that willpower and character are indispensable objects of the science of positive psychology is underpinned by what?
Strength-based leaders are made not born
Effort is no more or no less than how much time you practice the task
The real leverage we have for increased achievement is increased effort
All of the above
All of the above
In pertaining to what research to-date has shown, which statement is true?
Positive emotions protect us from infectious disease and negative ones increase our risk of illness
Happy people are at less risk for death from all causes
Highly optimistic people have a lower risk for developing cancer
All of the above
All of the above
and….
“Optimism promotes cardiovascular health and pessimism lowers it”
It was only 40 years ago that it was first hypothesized that emotion has any connection with immunity and disease. What was it referred to as?
Psychological fitness
Psychosomatic interaction
Overall well being
Positive psychology
Psychosomatic interaction
Which is a reason for hypothesizing that emotion has any connection with immunity and disease?
Optimists take action and have a healthier lifestyle
The biological mechanisms of optimists have a positive response to physical threats
Optimists have more friends and social support
All of the above
All of the above
Who is emotionally rewarded three times more?
The giver
The receiver of the gift
The receiver of the positive stroke
All of the above
The giver
Scientifically, what is contagious?
Emotions
Smiling
Positive psychology
Both a and b
Emotions
According to several reliable studies, what is contagious?
Emotions
Smiling
Positive psychology
Both a and b
Smiling
What is a powerful transmitter of positivity?
Emotions
Smiling
Positive psychology
Both a and b
Smiling
According to the Gallup Organization, what are the five universal domains of well being that differentiate a thriving life from one spent drifting or suffering?
Financial, emotional, career, family, and physical
Career, social, family, physical, and community
Career, social, financial, physical, and community
Emotional, financial, career, physical, and social
Career, social, financial, physical, and community
Which of the five universal domains is the most important?
Community
Social
Financial
Career
Career
Which of the five universal domains is the least important?
Financial
Physical
Community
Social
Community
66% of people are doing well in at least how many of the five universal domains? 1 2 3 All of them
1
7% of people are thriving in how many of the five universal domains? 2 3 4 All of them
All of them
What is leadership driven by?
Self-control
Well being
Happiness
Career
Well being
What kind of employees enjoy their time at work as much as the time they spend away from work?
Empowered
Those high in social well being
Engaged employees
Malcontent employees
Engaged employees
What is the chance you are actively disengaged or filled with hostility about your job if your manager ignores you? 10% 20% 30% 40%
40%
How much does your chance of being actively disengaged go down if your manager pays attention to you - even if he is focusing on your weaknesses?
Less than 1%
22%
40%
60%
22%
According to Gallup, the more a leader truly cares about an employee, the more likely people are to what?
Be top performers
To be sick
To be injured
To change jobs
Be top performers
According to Gallup, the more a leader truly cares about an employee, the more less likely people are to what?
Produce higher-quality work
Be top performers
To be injured on the job
To have high career well being
To be injured on the job
What did a Global Assessment Tool demonstrate?
As emotional fitness goes up, health care costs decline
As emotional fitness goes up, PTSD symptoms decline
As rank and experience go up, so does psychological fitness
All of the above
All of the above
What is a recommendation for career well being?
Participate in annual team building
Increase recognition, gratitude, and appreciation for each other
Find a boss who will empower you
Engage in delayed gratification
Find a boss who will empower you
What is the first major influence on your overall well being?
Your relationship with your boss
The number of friends you have at work
The degree to which you feel empowered to use your signature strengths
Your level of positivity and optimism
The degree to which you feel empowered to use your signature strengths
What is the second major influence on your overall well being?
Your relationship with your boss
The number of friends you have at work
The degree to which you feel empowered to use your signature strengths
Your level of positivity and optimism
Your relationship with your boss
What is the third major influence on your overall well being?
Your relationship with your boss
The number of friends you have at work
The degree to which you feel empowered to use your signature strengths
Your level of positivity and optimism
The number of friends you have at work
What did Daniel Goleman refer to as the “vertical couple”?
Career-employee
Boss-employee
Employee-employee
Supervisor-team member
Boss-employee
Which is not a major influence on your career well being?
Your relationship with your boss
The number of friends you have
Your pay
Your level of happiness
Your pay
Who do we mimic for our diets and exercise habits?
Our friends
Our boss
Our parents
Our immediate family
Our friends
If your best friend has a healthy diet, how likely are you to have a healthy diet? Less than five times More than five times Less than ten times More than ten times
More than five times
Whose diet is a stronger predictor than the dietary habits of your parents as to whether you have a healthy diet? Your boss Your coworker Your best friend Your spouse
Your best friend
What improves our cardiovascular functioning and decreases stress levels? Being happy at work Being happy at home Having friends Relationships
Relationships
At what rate did the memory decline for people over the age of 50 if they were socially active?
Less than half the rate of those who were the least social
More than half the rate of those who were the least social
At the same rate of those who were the least social
More than double the rate of those who were least social
Less than half the rate of those who were the least social
According to Gallup research, what percentage of employees have a friend at work? 30% 12% 50% 40%
30%
What is the single best predictor of well being at work according to Gallup research?
What people are doing
Who people are with
If people are empowered
Their relationship with their boss
Who people are with
What does our social well being depend on?
Our individual might
Our individual emotion
Our collective abilities
Our collective satisfaction
Our collective abilities
The 2008 Towers Watson global study found that what percentage of people are engaged in their work? 50% 40% 48% 64%
64%
To boost your social well being, how many hours a day should be spent socializing? 4 6 8 As many as possible
6
“Recommendations for boosting your social WB
- Spend 6 hours a day socializing with friends, family, and colleagues(this time includes work, home, phone, e-mail, and other communication)
- Strengthen the mutual connections in your network.
- Mix social time with physical activity. (For ex. - take a long walk with a friend so you can motivate each other to be healthy.)
- Participate in annual team building.
- Increase recognition, gratitude, and appreciation for each other.”
What is a recommendation for boosting your social well being?
Find a career whereby everyday you are able to use your signature strengths
Strengthen the mutual connections in your network
Engage in delayed gratification
Spend on others instead of solely on material possessions for yourself
Strengthen the mutual connections in your network
What goal can reduce our well being if we focus solely on that goal?
Our relationship with our boss
The number of friends we have at work
The outcome of wealth accumulation
Promotions
The outcome of wealth accumulation
Money does not guarantee happiness, but what can increase the odds of having a good life?
Being happy in your career
Being surrounded by good friends
Having a good relationship with your boss
Being in a wealthy country
Being in a wealthy country
For money to increase short-term happiness, what does it give us control over?
How we spend our time
Whether or not we spend money on others
Which job we choose to pursue
Our emotions
How we spend our time
What did a team of Harvard researchers find that does not boost our well being?
Spending on oneself
Spending money on others
The total amount of money
All of the above
Spending on oneself
What appears to be as important to people’s happiness as the total amount of money they make?
Spending on oneself
Spending money on others
Saving your money
All of the above
Spending money on others
What could lead to a cascade of poor financial decisions?
Being fired
Being depressed
A bad mood
Making too much money
A bad mood
By separating the joy of the immediate purchase from the pain of payment, credit cards act as what?
Buffers
Decoupling device
Coping mechanisms
All of the above
Decoupling device
How can you improve your financial well being?
Increase recognition, gratitude, and appreciation for each other
Identify how you can contribute to your community, based on your personal mission
Set positive defaults when shop for groceries
Establish default systems that lessen daily worry about money
Establish default systems that lessen daily worry about money
” Improving your financial WB
- Buy experiences such as vacations and outings with friends or loved ones.
- Spend on others instead of solely on material possessions for yourself.
- Establish default systems (automated payments and savings) that lessen daily worry about money.
- Engage in delayed gratification.”
People who exercise at least how many days a week are happier and have significantly less stress. 2 3 4 5
2
What is one of the best ways to combat fatigue?
Increase your vitamin D
Get 7 - 8 hours of sleep per night
Exercise
Eating healthy
Exercise
What is more effective than prescription drugs at eliminating fatigue?
Vitamin D
Get 7 - 8 hours of sleep per night
Exercise
Eating healthy
Exercise
In the US, health care costs represent what percentage of the total economy? 12% 16% 20% 25%
16%
What is Post Traumatic Growth?
a. People who experience a horrible event have more intense strengths than those who have not had such an experience
b. People who’d been through two awful events were stronger than those who’d experienced only one
c. Both a and b
e. None of the above
Both a and b
How do you boost your physical well being?
Sleep enough to feel well-rested, but not too long
Sleep at least 9 hours a night to feel well-rested
Engage in delayed gratification
Strengthen the mutual connections in your network
Sleep enough to feel well-rested, but not too long
“Recommendations for boosting your physical WB
- Get at least 20 minutes of physical activity each day, ideally in the morning, to improve your mood throughout the day.
- Sleep enough (generally 7-8 hrs) to feel well-rested, but not too long (more than 9 hrs)
- Set positive defaults when you shop for groceries. Load up on natural foods that are red, green, and blue.
- If you’re into vitamins, be certain to include vitamin D.”
What people make their interests known to friends, colleagues, and family members?
Those who are engaged
Those with high community well being
Those with high social well being
Those who are malcontent
Those with high community well being
How do you boost your community well being?
Tell people about your passions and interest so they can connect you with relevant groups and causes
Buy experiences such as vacations and outing with friends or loved ones
Mix social time with outdoor physical activity like walking or hiking with friends
Buy material good for ourselves that we enjoy and like
Tell people about your passions and interest so they can connect you with relevant groups and causes
“Recommendations for boosting community WB
- Identify how you can contribute to your community, based on your personal mission.
- Tell people about your passions and interest so they can connect you with relevant groups and causes.
- Opt in to a community group or event. Even if you start small, start now.”
How should happiness be approached?
As a destination
As a healthy way we experience our travels
As a fixed place
All of the above
As a healthy way we experience our travels
What is true pertaining to happiness?
Searches for new challenges and goals
Comes from doing rather than having
Is not a constant
All of the above
All of the above
What is the centerpiece for strength-based leaders? Positivity Happiness Relationships Accomplishments
Happiness
What rises if your happiness increases?
Career well being
Physical well being
Social well being
Your overall well being
Your overall well being
What is the first element in well-being theory? Happiness Positive emotion Positive relationships Engagement
Positive emotion
What do we have the power to create? Positive emotion Positive relationships Our own happiness Our social well being
Positive emotion
Who are the positive effects of your emotions transmitted to? Your boss Your family Your work team Your friends
Your work team
What occurs when we get so immersed in a project, an experience, a thought, that any connection to a time frame disappears?
Positive emotion
Engagement
Happiness
Meaning
Engagement
Why is engagement referred to as flow?
It occurs when your key signature strengths are deployed to meet the highest challenges that come your way
It gives you an enormous feeling of accomplishment
It creates positive emotions by engaging in activities
None of the above
It occurs when your key signature strengths are deployed to meet the highest challenges that come your way
What are the best predictors of happiness, high performance, and teamwork?
Being engaged
Having a high community well being
Social relationships
All of the above
Social relationships
In our everyday life, what can prove the difference between succumbing to mediocrity and not achieving our fullest potential?
Social connections
Social network
Social well being
Relationships
Social connections
In a national survey of 24,000 workers, it found that those with few social ties are \_\_\_\_\_ times more likely to suffer from major depression than people with strong social bonds. 1 to 2 2 to 3 3 to 4 4 to 5
2 to 3
What does positive social interactions provide a foundation for managing?
Psychological stress
Physical stress
Physical and psychological stress
Stress in general
Physical and psychological stress
It has been proven that who are significantly better equipped to thrive in even the most difficult circumstances?
Those with a strong emotional support system
Those with positive relationships
Those who express positive emotions
Those who invest in their social support system
Those who invest in their social support system
When are police supervisors most successful and better equipped to make tough decisions?
When they achieve success in police work
When they pool their resources and capitalize on one another’s signature strengths
When they believe the path to success is one traveled alone
When they learn the power of delegation
When they pool their resources and capitalize on one another’s signature strengths
What is the single-most vital social tie we have at work? boss/employee supervisor/team leader employee/employee employee/community
boss/employee
The bond between supervisor and employee are the prime predictors of what?
Your social outcome
Your happiness at work
The quantity and quality of work
All of the above
The quantity and quality of work
What is the number one reason given in exit interviews for police employees quitting?
Dislike of police work
Terrible hours
Poor pay
Bad supervisor
Bad supervisor
Why do some police supervisors not put in the time required to forge strong connections with either other supervisors or of their staff?
Getting too close to those they command
The belief that work is for work
Not enough time
All of the above
All of the above
How does a supervisor undermine both his/her department’s performance and his or her own performance as a potential strength-based leader?
Ignores the power of social investment
By not empowering others
By not putting in the effort to get to know his employees
All of the above
Ignores the power of social investment
What is needed to build supportive work relationships?
Best friends in the group
Mutual respect and authenticity
Liking one another all the time
All of the above
Mutual respect and authenticity
How does a leader show mutual respect and authenticity?
By being there, physically and emotionally
By becoming best friends with his team
By investing as much time is needed to understand his team
By being there, more emotionally than anything else
By being there, physically and emotionally
Why is sharing upbeat news with a staff member called capitalization?
It is helpful in advancing mutual support
It helps multiply the benefits of the positive even and strengthen the nexus between them
It helps build relationships
It builds trust in the team
It helps multiply the benefits of the positive even and strengthen the nexus between them
What sparks an upward spiral of individual relationship growth and injects social cohesion into the whole team? Adversity Engagement Gratitude Accomplishment
Gratitude
What is the fastest way to disengage a police employee?
To tell him he is unimportant to the team
To ignore his accomplishments
To not encourage positive work habits
To tell him his work is meaningful only because of the paycheck
To tell him his work is meaningful only because of the paycheck
When do you feel a sense of purpose?
a. When you find a good reason to be engaged
b. When you make the task meaningful
c. Both a and b
d. Only someone else can make you feel a sense of purpose
Both a and b
As humans, what do we require in order to thrive?
Sense of meaning
Sense of purpose
Sense of accomplishment
Sense of being accepted
Sense of meaning
Who is characterized by the ability to see what is good in and around them, while remaining grounded in reality?
Those who are malcontent
Those who are successful
Those who flourish
Those who empower others
Those who flourish
Why is accomplishment often pursued?
For success
For accomplishment
For happiness
For your career well being
For accomplishment
Life dedicated to accomplishment for the sheer sake of accomplishment is referred to as what?
Living life
Achieving life
Thriving
All of the above
Achieving life
What does our skill in the accomplishment formula depend on?
Time and energy we’re willing to commit to achieve something we value
Willpower and self-control
Rate and type of learning
Cognitive processes only
Rate and type of learning
What does our effort in the accomplishment formula include?
Time and energy we’re willing to commit to achieve something we value
Willpower and self-control
Rate and type of learning
Cognitive processes only
Time and energy we’re willing to commit to achieve something we value
What makes the big difference in getting what we want? Will power Self-control Persistence All of the above
All of the above
What must be involved for well being?
a. Achieving distance and not having a goal
b. That it be a positive accomplishment
c. that it be measured
d. Both b and c
d. Both b and c
In answering Nietzche’s question, “To what can we say ‘yes’”?
We can say “yes” to more positive emotion.
We can say “yes” to more engagement.
We can say “yes” to better relationships.
We can say “yes” to more meaning in life.
We can say “yes” to positive accomplishment.
Basically, we can say “yes” to more well-being.
