Chapter 10

Question 1

Conjunction

Answer 1

A compound claim made from two simpler claims, called conjuncts

Question 2

A conjunction is true if and only if

Answer 2

both of the simpler claims that make it up (its conjuncts) are true

Question 3

&

Answer 3

And, but, while

Question 4

Disjunction

Answer 4

Another compound claim made up of tow simpler claims, called disjuncts

Question 5

A disjunction is false if and only if

Answer 5

both of its disjuncts are false

Question 6

V

Answer 6

symbolizes disjunction (either or)

Question 7

conditional claim

Answer 7

stating conditions using “if…then….”

Question 8

A conditional claim is false if and only if

Answer 8

its antecedent is true and its consequent false

Question 9

–>

Answer 9

conditionals

Question 10

negation

Answer 10

~ opposite

Question 11

Negation Truth Table

Answer 11

P ~P
______
T F
F T

Question 12

Conjucntion Truth Table

Answer 12

P     Q     (P&Q)
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
T     T     T
T     F     F
F     T     F
F     F     F

Question 13

Disjunction truth table

Answer 13

P     Q     (PvQ)
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
T     T     T
T     F     T
F     T     T
F     F     F

Question 14

Conditional Truth Table

Answer 14

P     Q     (P-->Q)
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
T     T    T
T     F     F
F     T     T
F     F     T

Question 15

When are two claims truth-functionally equivalent

Answer 15

if they have exactly the same truth table

Question 16

If introduces

Answer 16

the antecedent of a conditional

Question 17

only if introduces

Answer 17

the consequent of a conditional

Question 18

necessary condition becomes

Answer 18

the consequent of a conditional

Question 19

sufficient conditions are expressed as

Answer 19

the antecedents of conditional claim

Question 20

Either comes before

Answer 20

the disjunction

Question 21

modus ponens

Answer 21

two-premise valid argument form. one premise is a conditional and the other is the antecedent of that conditional
If P then Q
P
Therefore Q

Question 22

Modus tollens

Answer 22

one premise a conditional and the other premise the negation of that conditional’s consequent
If P then Q
Not Q
Not P

Question 23

chain argument

Answer 23

comprises two conditionals for premises and another for the conclusion
If P then Q
If Q then R
If P then R

Question 24

Affirming the consequent

Answer 24

If P then Q
Q
Threfore, P

Question 25

Denying the Antecedent

Answer 25

If P then Q
Not P
THrefore, Not Q