Ch9 Recap

Question 1

A Claims

Answer 1

All (S) is P

Question 2

E Claims

Answer 2

No (S) are (P)

Question 3

I Claims

Answer 3

Some S are P

Question 4

O Claims

Answer 4

Some S are not (P)

Question 5

Venn Diagram Shaded area

Answer 5

indicates that nothing is in it

Question 6

Venn Diagram X in an area

Answer 6

Indicates that at least one thing is in that part of a class or classes

Question 7

Venn Diagram blank

Answer 7

Does NOT mean that it is empty. It means we have no information about that part of the category or class

Question 8

Affirmative Claims

Answer 8

A and I

Question 9

Negative Claims

Answer 9

E and O

Question 10

“only” introduces

Answer 10

predicate term of A-Claim

Question 11

“the only) introduces

Answer 11

Subject term of A-Claim

Question 12

“whenever” means

Answer 12

times or occasions

usually introduces the subject term of an A claim about times

Question 13

“Wherever” means

Answer 13

places or locations

Usually introduces the subject term of an A-claim about places

Question 14

Claims about individuals are treated as

Answer 14

A or E Claims

Question 15

The square of opposition displays

Answer 15

contradiction, contrariety, and subcontrariety among corresponding standard-form claims

Question 16

What are three relations that result from operations peformed on standard-form claims

Answer 16

conversion, obversion, and contraposition. Some are equivalent to the original, and some are not

Question 17

Categorical syllogisms

Answer 17

standardized deductive arguments; we can test them for validity by the Venn diagram method or by the rules method

Question 18

Categorical logic

Answer 18

logic based on the relations of inclusion and exclusion among classes

Question 19

Equivalent

Answer 19

two claims are equivalent if, and only if, they would be true in exactly the same circumstances. under no circumstances could one of them be true and the other false. (You can think of such claims as “saying the same thing”

Question 20

Every X is a Y - Standard form A-claim

Answer 20

All Xs are Ys

Question 21

Minors are not eligible standard form

Answer 21

E-claim No minors are eligible people

Question 22

Universal Affirmative

Answer 22

A (Every S is P)

Question 23

Universal Negative

Answer 23

E (No S is P)

Question 24

Particular Affirmative

Answer 24

I (Some S is P)

Question 25

Particular Negative

Answer 25

O (Some S is not P)