chapter 10 Flashcards
what are emotions?
response of whole organism involving 1: physiological arousal, 2: expressive behaviors, and 3: conscious experience
what is the popular idea of emotions?
stimulus -> emotion -> arousal
what is the james-lange theory of emotion?
stimulus -> arousal -> emotion
what is the cannon-bard theory of emotion?
stimulus -> ANS arousal + emotion (occur at the same time)
what is schachter’s two factor theory of emotion?
stimulus -> arousal + cognitive label = emotion
what is the schachter and singer experiment?
people were injected with adrenaline proving their theory; the spill-over effect = the tendency of one person’s emotion to affect how other people around them feel
what are zajonc and ledoux’s 2 routes to emotion?
- low-road bypass cortex; senses -> thalamus -> amygdala; simple likes, fears
- high-road through cortex; more complex emotions like hatred and love
what is lazarus’ route to emotion? and cognitive appraisal
even immediate emotion requires some cognitive appraisal; ca -> can be effortless and unconscious, but it’s still a mental function; emotions come after unconscious appraisal
what are the spiritual applications of schachter/lazarus theory?
appraisal or reappraisal can alter our emotional response; we are subject to immediate response (battle the flesh), but can modify that response; trust in God: fearful events, anxieties & worries
can be changed to peaceful mindset; “Perfect love casts out fear” 1 John 4:18; “Thou wilt keep him in perfect peace, whose mind is stayed on thee: because he trusteth in thee.” Isaiah 26:3
what are ekman’s 6 basic emotions?
anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, surprise
what does carroll izard say about emotions?
distinct emotions appear within the first months of life
what is the physiology of emotions?
arousal; physical response through the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system; sns has similar response across a range of emotions but may feel different and use different facial muscles; we perform best at moderate arousal
what is the influence of perceived emotion expression?
direct eye-gazing study = staring into eyes (even a strangers), fosters positive feelings toward person
morphed emotion faces = 50% fear & 50% anger morphing; abused children more likely to perceive anger
what is the relation between emotion and gender?
females = greater nonverbal sensitivity; empathy (salty lemonade experiment)
males = anger emotion bias (a face with a subtle expression is more likely to be categorized as angry than happy and a face is seen as more angry if male)
what makes emotion expressed through nonverbal communication?
cultural experience; how much emotion express is also cultural
can you detect and compute emotion?
basic emotions are universally detected; high-tech detection = skilled lie catchers, people cannot easily; emails, cell phones, social media Facebook options: emojis
what is the facial feedback effect?
smile -> you’ll feel better
frown -> you’ll feel worse
some effect, amplifies emotion; supports james-lange theory
what is the behavioral feedback effect?
body postures & actions can affect how we feel & influence others
what are the 3 important emotions?
fear, anger, happiness
how is fear learned?
by observation and conditioning
what is the relationship between the amygdala and fear?
amygdala shows greater response to fear
what causes anger?
perceived misdeeds
what is the catharsis hypothesis and is it effective?
expressing pent-up emotions, particularly anger or aggression, through actions like yelling or physical activity can lead to a release of these emotions, resulting in a feeling of relief and a reduction in future aggressive behavior; more commonly -> anger breeds anger
how can we effectively get rid of anger?
wait, prevent, relieve stress
what is the feel-good do-good phenomenon?
the psychological principle that people are more likely to engage in helping behaviors when they are in a positive mood
what is subjective well-being?
an individual’s personal assessment of their overall life satisfaction, happiness, and fulfillment, essentially how they perceive their life is going based on their own thoughts and feelings, rather than relying on external, objective indicators
what is the adaption-level principle?
define & compare by prior experience
what is the relative deprivation principle?
compare to others
what are the predictors of happiness?
high self-esteem, optimistic personality, good social support, challenging work, meaningful religious faith, take care of health
