chapter 10 Flashcards
Erikson’s Identity
Identity is the major task of adolescence
Experiment with numerous roles & identities
-fifth social crisis: identity versus role confusion: working through the complexities of finding oneself is the primary task of adolescence-crisis is solved with identity achievement-> when adolescents have reconsidered the goals and values of their parents and culture, accepting some discarding others, to forge their own identity
Identity Diffusion
Identity Foreclosure
Identity Diffusion
Not yet experienced crisis/exploration
Not yet made any commitments
-role confusion
Identity Foreclosure
Made a commitment
Not yet experiencing a crisis/exploration
-swallow or reject traditional views
Identity Moratorium
Identity Achievement
Identity Moratorium
-In midst of a crisis
-Commitments are absent or vague
Identity Achievement
-Undergone a crisis/explored
-Have made a commitment
Eriksons four aspects of identity
-political, sexual, vocational, religious
intersectionality
identies overlap and have conflict
Relationships with Adults
Conflicts with Parents
Parent–adolescent conflict typically peaks in early adolescence and is more a sign of attachment than of distance
Bickering
Petty, peevish arguing, usually repeated and ongoing.
Neglect
Although teenagers may act as if they no longer need their parents, neglect can be very destructive
Closeness Within the Family
Four Aspects of Closeness:
-Communication: Do parents and teens talk openly with one another?
-Support: Do they rely on one another?
-Connectedness: How emotionally close are they?
-Control: Do parents encourage or limit adolescent autonomy?
familism
-belief that family members should sacrifice personal freedom and success to care for one another
Parental monitoring
Parental monitoring
Parents’ ongoing awareness of what their children are doing, where, and with whom.
-Positive consequences when part of a warm, supportive relationship
-Negative when overly restrictive and controlling
Peer pressure
Peer pressure
Encouragement to conform to one’s friends or contemporaries in behavior, dress, and attitude;
Can be considered a negative force at times
coercive joining
when two people join together in making derogatory comments about a third person
Selecting friends
Selection
Teenagers select friends whose values and interests they share, abandoning friends who follow other paths.
Facilitation
-Peers facilitate both destructive (“Let’s all skip school”) and constructive (“Let’s study together”) behaviors in one another.
—-Helps individuals do things that they would be unlikely to do on their own.
generational forgetting
each new cohort forgets what the previous cohort learned
Romance
Sequence of male–female relationships during childhood and adolescence:
1. Groups of friends, exclusively one sex or the other
2. A loose association of girls and boys, with public interactions within a crowd
3. Small mixed-sex groups of the advanced members of the crowd
4. Formation of couples, with private intimacies
Culture affects timing and manifestation of each step
major depressive disorder
deep sadness and hopelessness that disrupts all normal, regular activities
