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Pathology > chapter 10,11,12 > Flashcards

chapter 10,11,12 Flashcards

1
Q

aphthous ulcer, uveitis,genital ulcer

A

Behcet syndrome

small vessel vasculitis

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2
Q

parotitis
orchitis
pancreatitis
aseptic meningitis

A

MUMPS

sr amylase is elevated

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3
Q

esophageal web
severe iron dean anemia
beefy red tongue
atrophic glossitis

A

Plummer Vinson syndrome

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4
Q

dysphagia
high LES pressure
Bird beak appearance

A

Achalasia

idiopathic or Trypanosoma Cruz[Chagas disease]

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5
Q

heart burn
asthma[adult onset] or cough
damage to enamel

A

GERD

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6
Q

signet ring cell

linitis plastica

A

Diffuse type gastric Ca

ass with Krukenberg tumor

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7
Q

Ass with Downs syndrome

A

Duodenal atresia[doubke bubble sign]

Hirshprung disease

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8
Q

most common cong anomaly of GIT

A

Meckel diverticulum

Rule of 2

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9
Q

IgA antibody against gliadin or Tissue Transglutaminase

A 
celiac disease
duodenal biopsy
flattening of villi
Hyperplasia of crypts
intraepithelial lymphocytes
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10
Q

Fat malabsorption
steatorrhea

with arthritis
cardiac valves,CNS,Lymph node involvement

A

Whipple disease

Systemic tissue damage with macrophages loaded with Tropheryma Whippelli

PAS positive

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11
Q

chromogranin positive

submucosal polyp like low grade malignancy

A

Carcinoid tumor

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12
Q

Left lower quadrant pain
bloddy diarhoea
young adult women

A

ulcerative colitis

Mucosal and submucosal ulcer
rectum to cecum, continous
crypt abcess with neutrophils
pseudopolyps
Lead pipe sign

complication
toxic megacolon

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13
Q

young women with right lower quadrant pain
bloddy diarrhoea

renal stone[calcium oxalate]
cholesterol gall stone

A

Crohn disease

fissures
mouth to anus,skip lesion
lymphoid aggregates with granuloma
cobblestone mucosa
String sign

complication
fistula formation
malabsorption

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14
Q

extra intestinal for inflammatory bowel disease

A

arthritis(migratory polyarthritis,ankylosing spondylitis,sacroilitis)
uveitis
erythema nodosum
pyoderma gangrenosum
primary sclerosis cholangitis[p ANCA positive]

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15
Q

adenoma carcinoma sequence

A

APC
P 53
KRAS mutation

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16
Q

Gardner syndrome

A

FAP with

retroperitoneal desmoid and osteoma

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17
Q

Turcot syndrome

A

FAP with

medulloblastoma and glial tumors

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18
Q

Polyps in GIT
with
mucocutaneous hyperpigmentation [freckle like spots] in lips,oral mucosa, genital skin

A

Peutz Jaghers syndrome

ass with colorectal ,breast ,gyneac carcinoma

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19
Q

Old age with iron def anemia

A

colorectal ca
right sided raised lesion

colorectal ca
ass with strep.bovis endocarditis

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20
Q

HNPCC

A

No polyp
colorectal ca[right colon]
with ovarian and endometrial ca

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21
Q

causes of acute pancreatitius

A 
alcohol
gall stone
hypercalcemia
drugs
mumps
post duodenal ulcer rupture
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22
Q

chain of lake pattern

A

chronic pancreatitis

causes
adult - alcohol
children -cystic fibrosis

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23
Q

epigastric pain with
obstructive jaundice
sec diabetes
pancreatitis

A

pancreatic ca
CA 19-9
whipples procedure
Trousseau sign - Migratory thrombophlebitis

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24
Q

risk factor for cholesterol stone

A

age 40
estrogen
clofibrate
crohn disease

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25
Q

risk factor for bilirubin stone

A 
extravascular hemolysis
infection
Ecoli
ascaris
clonorchis sinensis
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26
Q

impacted stone in cystic duct

A

acute cholecystitis

with pain radiating to scapula
fever
vomiting
Increased WBC

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27
Q

chronic cholecystitis

A

rokitansky Aschoff sinus

porcelin gallbladder[risk of gall bladder ca]

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28
Q

Jaundice with unconjugated bilirubin

A

extravascular hemolysis[biilirubin gallstone]
physiologic jaundice[kernicterus]
Gilbert disease[decreased UDP glucoronyl]
crigler nagger syndrome[absent UDP] fatal

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29
Q

Jaundice with conjugated bilirubin

A

Dubin johnson syndrome[dark liver]

rotor syndrome[no dark liver]

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30
Q

causes of obstructive jaundice

dark urine pale stool
pruritic[inc bile acids]
hypercholesterolemia
xanthomas

A

gallstone
pancraetic ca
cholongia ca
clonorchis sinensis

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31
Q

both UCB and CB

A

viral hepatitis

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32
Q

hepatitis

with IgM HbcAb

A

window period

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33
Q

hepatitis

with IgG HbcAb and IgG HbsAb

A

resolved

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34
Q

hepatitis

with IgG HbsAb

A

immunization

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35
Q

hepatitis
with HbsAg
HBeag and HBV DNA
with IgM HbcAb

A

acute

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36
Q

hepatitis
with HbsAg
HBeag and HBV DNA
with IgG HbcAb

A

chronic

37
Q

cirrhosis with decreased detoxification

A

increased ammonia
mental status changes, coma

increased estrogen
gynecomastia
spider angiomata,
palmar erythema

38
Q

cirrhosis
sec diabetes mellitus
bronze skin

with dilated cardiomyopathy
arrhythmia
gonadal dysfunction

A

hemochromatosis

39
Q

cirrhosis
neurological [dementia,chorea,parkinsonian symptom]-copper deposits in basal ganglia
kayser fleisher ring in cornea

A

wilson disease

40
Q

onion skin appearance

beaded app

A

primary sclerosis cholangitis

P ANCA positive
fibrosis of intra and extra hepatic billiard tract

41
Q

fulminant hepatitis with encephalopathy

in children

A

reyes syndrome

viral illness treated with aspirin

42
Q

liver metastasis

A

garlic ca
colon ca
pancreas ca
lung and breast ca

43
Q 
renal genesis
with oligohydromnias
flat facies
limb defect
lung hypoplasia
A

potters sequence

44
Q

unilateral cyst

not inherited

A

Dysplastic kidney

45
Q

bilateral cyst
infants
with hypertension and worsening renal failure

A

AR form Polycystic kidney disease

ass with hepatic cysts and hepatic fibrosis

46
Q 
adult onset
bilateral cyst
hypertension
hematuria
renal failure
A

AD form PKD

ass with Berry aneurysm,hepatic cysts, mitral valve prolapse

47
Q

BUN: cr ratio >15
Fractional Excreation of sodium[FENa] <1%
urine osmolarity >500

A

prerenal early post renal

48
Q

BUN: cr ratio < 15
Fractional Excreation of sodium[FENa] >2%
urine osmolarity <500

A

late post renal

acute tubular necrosis[Brown granular casts]

49
Q

causes of ATN

A

-ischemia
-nephrotoxic
aminoglycosides
lead
myoglobinuria
ethylene glycol[oxalates crystals in urine]
dye
urate[tumor lysis syndrime]

50
Q

recent drug
fever with rash
oliguria
eosinophil in urine

A

acute interstitial nephritis

Drug induced hypersensitivity
NSAIDS,penicillin,diueritics

51
Q

gross hématuria with flank pain

A

renal papillary necrosis

chronic analgesic use - Apririn
Diabetes
sickle cell anemia
severe acute pyelonephritis

52
Q

Fatty casts

A

nephrotic syndrome

53
Q

RBC casts

A

nephritic syndrome

54
Q

granular cast

A

Acute tubular necrosis

55
Q

WBC casts

A

pyelonephritis

56
Q

nephrotic in children

only albumin no immunoglobulin

A

Minimal change disease
effacement of foot process
loss of negative charge

ass with Hodgkin lymphoma

57
Q

nephrotic in adults

A

membranous nephropathy

subepithelial deposits
spike and dome appearance

ass with Hepatitis b and c
Solid tumor,SLE,drugs- NSAID,penicillamine

58
Q

phospholipase a2 receptor antibody in kidney

A

membranous nephropathy

59
Q

Tram track appearance

A

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

type 1 -subendothlial deposits ass with hep b and hep c
type 2 dense deposit ass with C3 nephritic factor
low C3

60
Q

sclerosis of mesangium

A

diabetes mellitus

61
Q

amyloid deposits in mesangium

A

systemic amyloidosis

62
Q

hematuria
hypertension
oliguria
periorbital edema

A

Nephritic

63
Q

in children 2 to 3 weeks foll infection[impetifo/pharyngitis]
cola colored urine

A

post streptococcal glomerulonephritis

subepithelial humps

64
Q

linear deposits in Immuno fluorescnce

anti basement membrane antibody

A

good pasture syndrome

hematuria and hemoptysis

65
Q

granular deposits in Immuno fluorescnce

immune deposition

A

PSGN

Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis[DPGN] - SLE sub endothelial deposits

66
Q

Negative deposits in IF

Pauci immune

A

wegener CANCA
Microscopic polyangitis PANCA
chrug strauss syndrome PANCA with eosonophilia and asthma

67
Q

in children
following gastroenteritis
gross or microscopic hematuria

progrès to renal failure

A

IgA nephropathy
mc nephropathy worldwide
IgA immune deposition in mesangium

68
Q

isolated hematuria
with
sensory hearing loss
visual disturbance

A

Alports syndrome
type 4 collagen defect
thinning and splitting of BM

69
Q

dysuria,urgency,frequncy,pain
urine analysis wbc >10
>100,000 colony forming unit

A

Cystitis

Ecoli
staph saprophytic
klebseilla pneumonia
proteus mirabilis[alkaline urine]

70
Q

flank pain
fever
WBC cast

A

acute pyelonephritis

71
Q

upper and lower pole scarring

A

vesiculoureteric reflux causing chronic pyelonephritis

72
Q

thyroidization of kidney

A

chronic pyelonephritis

73
Q

infection

alkaline urine

A

ammonium magnesium phosphate

stag horn calculi

74
Q

acidic urine

A

uric acid crystals

gout/leukemia

75
Q

stone in children

A

cystine stone
in cystinuria
may form stag horn

76
Q

hypertension
hyperkalemia,met acidosis
hypocalcemia
osteoporosis

A

chronic renal failure

ass with uremia - nausea, anorexia,pericarditis,encephalopathy with asterisks,deposition of urate crystals in skin

77
Q

angiomyolipoma in kidney

cardiac rhabdomyoma

A

Tuberous sclerosis

78
Q

Hematuria
Flank pain
Flank mass

A

Renal cell Ca

79
Q

Hematuria with colicky pain

A

renal stone

80
Q

Painless hematuria

A

urothelial Ca[bladder ca]

81
Q

Hematuria
unilateral large flank mass
hypertension

A

Wilms tumor

82
Q

renal cell ca
pheochromocytoma
hemagioblastoma of cerebellum

A

Von hippel Lindau disease

3p

83
Q

WAGR syndrome

A

Wilms tumor
Aniridia
Genital abnormality
motor and mental Retardation

WT1 gene deletion

84
Q

Denys Drash syndrome

A

Wilms tumor
progressive glomerular disease
Male psudohermaphroditism

WT1 gene mutation

85
Q

Beckwith wiedemann syndrome

A

Wilms tumor
neonatal hypoglycemia
muscular hemihypertrophy
organomegaly[tongue enlargement]

WT2 gene mutation

86
Q

HLA DQ 2 and DQ8

A

Celiac disease

87
Q

Friedrich ataxia associated heart disease

A

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

88
Q

Hemochromatosis ass heart disease

A

dilated cardiomyopathy,arrythmia

89
Q

Amyloidosis ass heart disease

A

Restrictive cardiomyopathy,Arrythmias

Pathology (10 decks)

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