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Organ Histo: exam 1 > chapter 1: types of epithelium > Flashcards

chapter 1: types of epithelium Flashcards

1
Q

epithelium that is single cell thick

A

simple epithelium

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2
Q

single layer of flattened cells

A

simple squamous

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3
Q

epithelium that:
living filter
provide a barrier (thin)

A

simple squamous

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4
Q

single layer of cubed shaped cells; nucleus occupies much of the cell cytoplasms, typically looks square when sectioned for a slide

A

simple cuboidal

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5
Q

epithelium (2) that is used in:

  • absorption
  • secretion
  • provides barrier
A

simple cuboidal

simple columnar

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6
Q

single layer of cells that have height, more cytoplasm than simple cuboidal, typically look rectangular under slide

A

simple columnar

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7
Q

ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium is AKA

A

respiratory epithelium

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8
Q

epithelium with 3 cell types of various heights so it can have the appearance of stratified epithelium

A

ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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9
Q

different cell types of ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

goblet
ciliated columnar
basal

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10
Q

modified columnar cell that functions to produce mucus

A

goblet cells

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11
Q

columnar cells that contain CILIA; cilia are anchored in the apex of the cell by basal bodies; function to MOVE MUCUS over surface

A

ciliated columnar cells

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12
Q

short pyramidal shaped cell that does not reach the surface; function to be the STEM cell for this type of epithelium

A

basal cells (STEM CELLS)

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13
Q

types of surface specializations

A

microvilli
stereocilia
cilia
glycocalyx

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14
Q

finger-like projections at the apical surface on some epithelial cells; also called a brush border or striated border

A

microvilli

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15
Q

surface specialization cells that function to increase surface area to increase absorption

A

microvilli

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16
Q

extremely long microvilli; usually fewer present than in microvilli; not related to true cilia– NON-MOTILE; quite rigid

A

stereocilia

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17
Q

thin apical hair-like extensions of cytoskeleton that function to move something over a surface

A

cilia

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18
Q

cells with cilia have many ________ to make ATP, and BASAL bodies to block the free surface so there is NO ______ or ______

A

mitochondria
secretion
absorption

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19
Q

surface layer of glycoproteins and carbs that covers some epithelium (protection); produced by SOME epithelial cells

A

glycocalyx

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20
Q

functions of glycocalyx

A

protection
cell recognition
(possibly cell adhesion, hold enzymes)

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21
Q

epithelium that is 2+ layers thick

A

stratified epithelium

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22
Q

epithelium that is named for the shape of its superficial cells and has a PROTECTIVE function

A

stratified epithelium

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23
Q

epithelium that is multiple layers of cells that tend to flatten out from basal layer to superficial later; superficial layer of cells are flat and alive

A

stratified squamous

24
Q

epithelium with functions:

protection from ABRASION/FRICTION

A

stratified squamous

25
Q

problems/limitations of stratified squamous

A

no protection from drying

limited thickness so protection is limited

26
Q

multiple layers of cells that also tend to flatten from basal layer to superficial layer of cells; superficial cell layer is covered by an added nonliving layer of keratin

A

keratinized stratified squamous

27
Q

layers in epithelium of skin

A 
stratum basale
stratum spinosum
stratum granulosum
stratum lucidum
stratum corneum
28
Q

function of epithelium is protection in a DRY environment

A

keratinized stratified squamous

29
Q

1-2 layers of keratinocytes which are MITOTIC and closest to dermis

A

stratum basale

30
Q

multiple layers of “spiny shaped” keratinocytes that produce lipids and keratohyaline vacuoles. Keratinocytes have cytokeratin monofilaments that radiate outward from nuclear region; thickness of layer varies

A

stratum spinosum

31
Q

uppermost 2-5 layers of flattened living keratinocytes that contain flattened, condensed keratohyaline granules ; EXOCYTOSIS of lipid-filled lamellar granules will occur from these cells

A

stratum granulosum

32
Q

thin layer of recently dead or dying keratinocytes present only in THICK skin; layer is NOT easy to see; nucleus and organelles are NOT present

A

stratum lucidum

33
Q

layer of dead cells, keratin and lipids; thickness of this layer varies but has 3 functions:

  • prevents water loss
  • provides barrier to microbes
  • protects against abrasion
A

stratum corneum

34
Q

________ contributes to strength to this STRATUM CORNEUM by increasing SA for attachment of epithelium to CT below

A 
epidermal pegs (rete ridges)
dermal papillae
35
Q

epithelial cell types in keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

A

keratinocytes
melanocytes
langerhan cells
merkel cells

36
Q

typical cell type found throughout keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

  • can divide in stratum basale
  • produce keratins/keratohyaline granules & lipids when in stratum granulosum
A

keratinocytes

37
Q

epithelial cells (in keratinized stratified squamous epithelium) that protect against UV radiation

A

melanocytes

38
Q

melanocytes are found in which layer:

A

stratum basale

39
Q

how melanocytes work

A

keratinocytes phagocytize the cytoplasmic tip of melanocytes containing the melanosomes with melanin

40
Q

skin color is greatly influenced by:

A

environmental influences
genetics
# blood vessels in dermis

41
Q

cells that recognize and process external foreign antigens; antigen presenting cells

A

langerhan cells

42
Q

langerhan cells found in layer:

A

stratum spinosum

43
Q

cells that provide touch receptors

A

merkel cells (AKA tactile cells)

44
Q

merkel cells found in:

A

stratum basale

45
Q

______ # increase when exposed to UV light repeatedly

A

melanocytes

46
Q

______ # decrease with repeated UV exposure

A

langerhan cells

47
Q

two layers of cells; basal layer is typically flattened; superficial layer of cells is CUBOID in shaped- not common

A

stratified cuboial

48
Q

epithelium that fxn:
increase protection
provide a barrier

A

stratified cuboidal

49
Q

two layers of cells; basal layer is typically flattened; superficial layer of cells is COLUMNAR in shaped- very RARE

A

stratified columnar

50
Q

epithelium that fxn:

  • increase protection
  • provide transition between epithelial types
  • provide barrier
A

stratified columnar

51
Q

multiple layers of cellsfunction:

  • provide protection
  • STRETCHbarrier
A

transitional (urinary)

52
Q

specialization of transitional epithelium

A

thin, fenestrated basement membrane
large/round superficial cells
well-developed occludens

53
Q

why specialization of transitional epithelium are important

A

need tight junctions because of fenestrated basement membrane
prevents waste/urine from seeping between epi cells

54
Q

unusual superficial cell feature

A

some bi-nucleate superficial cells

55
Q

cells obtain more oxygen because of (2)

A

fenestrated basement membranewhen stretched, diffusion distance is increased

Organ Histo: exam 1 (12 decks)

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