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Anatomy And Physiology I > Chapter 1 Summary > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Summary Flashcards

1
Q

Science

A

Logical Inquiry based on experimentations

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2
Q

Hypothesis

A

idea or principle to be tested in experiments

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3
Q

Experiment

A

Series of tests of the hypothesis; a controlled experiment eliminates biases or outside influences

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4
Q

Theory

A

a hypothesis that has been proved by experiments to have a high degree of confidence

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5
Q

Law

A

A theory that has an unusually high level of confidence

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6
Q

Process of science

A

active and changing as new experiments add new knowledge

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7
Q

Science Affected By

A

cultuer, culture by society

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8
Q

Anatomy

A

science of the structure of an organism and the relationship of its parts

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9
Q

Gross Anatomy

A

Study of the body and its parts relying only on the naked eye as a tool for observation

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10
Q

Microscopic Anatomy

A

study of body parts with a microscope

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11
Q

cytology

A

study of cells

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12
Q

histology

A

study of tissues

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13
Q

development anatomy

A

study of human growth and development

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14
Q

pathological anatomy

A

study of diseased body structures

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15
Q

systemic anatomy

A

study of the body by systems

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16
Q

phsyiology

A

science of the functions of organisms; subdivisions according to (organism level or organizational level)

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17
Q

Organism involed

A

human or plant physiology

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18
Q

organizational level

A

molecular or cellular physiology

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19
Q

systemic function

A

respiratory physiology, neurophysiology,cardiovascular physiology

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20
Q

Autopoiesis

A

living organisms are self-organized and self-maintaining

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21
Q

Cell theory

A

if its made of one or more cells, it is alive

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22
Q

Metabolism

A

all complex chemical reactions that drive life; anabolism, catabolism, synthesis, homeostasis

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23
Q

Anabolism

A

to build

24
Q

Catabolism

A

to break doqn

25
Q

Synthesis

A

converting non-self into self

26
Q

homeostasis

A

living habitat

27
Q

Characteristics of living things

A

Autopoietic, cellular, cell theory, exhibit metabolism, growth and reproduction, responsiveness, adaptation

28
Q

Chemical level of organization

A

all living things are composed of atoms and molecules (in cytoplasm)

29
Q

Organelle level

A

Mitochondria, nucleus, golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum (parts of cells)

30
Q

Cellular level

A

Cell has nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm within a limiting membrane. Smallest and most numerous units that possess and exhibit charecteristics of life. perform different functions

31
Q

Tissue Level

A

Organization of similar cells specialized to perform certain function, surrounded by nonliving matrix

32
Q

Four major tissue types

A

Epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, nervous tissue

33
Q

Organ level

A

organization of several kinds of tissues to perform a specific function, Represent discrete and functionally complex operational units.

34
Q

Organ System

A

varying numbers and kinds of organs arranged to perform complex functions (organism, population, community, ecosystem

35
Q

Integumentary

A

Function: Barrier
Example: skin and its appendages

36
Q

Skeletal

A

Function:support, protection

Ex. Bones and cartilage

37
Q

Muscular

A

Function: movement and support

Ex. Muscles

38
Q

Nervous

A

Short term, in charge
Function: communication (electro-chemical control)
Example: CNS PNS (central nervous system, peripheral nervous system)

39
Q

Endocrine

A

(Long term)

function: chemical communication control
example: glands, hormones, (message system)

40
Q

Cariovascular

A

Function: transportation, circulation
Example: heart, blood vessels, blood

41
Q

Lymphatic

A

Function: fluid balance, immunity
Example: spleen, tonsils, lymph nodes

42
Q

Immune

A

Function: defense, protection
example: involves the inpot of many different systems

43
Q

Respiratory

A

Function: gas exchange
Example: lungs

44
Q

Digestive

A

Function: digestive, absorption, excretion
Example: Mouth, stomach, intestines

45
Q

Urinary

A

Function: water homeostasis, filtration,
Example: kidneys

46
Q

Reproductive

A

Function: gamete production, gestation,
ex: gonads, genitals

47
Q

Systems of the Body

A

Integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, control,endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, immune, respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive

48
Q

Mediastinum

A

Heart, trachea, right and left bronchi, esophagus, thymus gland, aortic arch and thoracic aorta, venae cavae, various lymph nodes and nerves, thoracic duct

49
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A

Right and Left Pleural Cavities, Mediastinum

50
Q

AbsominoPevlic Cavity

A

Abdominal Cavity, Pelvic Cavity

51
Q

Abdominal Cavity

A

Liver, Gallbladder, stomach, pancreas, intestines, spleen, kidneys, ureters

52
Q

Pelvic Cavity

A

Urinary bladder, female reproductive organs, uterus, uterine tubes, ovaries, male reproductive organs, prostate gland, seminal vesicles, parts of vas deference, part of a large intestine, namely, sigmoid colon and rectum

53
Q

Homeostasis

A

Maintained through feedback control loops (negative and positive) temperature (regulation of blood solutes [co2 or glucose] hormonal regulation)

54
Q

Negative Feedback Control Loops

A

Inhibitory
produce an action opposite to the change that activated the system (like a thermostat) (pH, hormone levels, blood glucose levels, temperature)

55
Q

Positive Feedback Loops

A

stimulatory, amplify or reinforce the change that is occurring, tend to produce (sneezing, blood clotting, orgasm, child birth)

Anatomy And Physiology I (17 decks)

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