Chapter 1 (Pt. 1) Flashcards
what is matter?
any substance that takes up space and has mass
what is matter composed of?
elements
what is an element?
substance with specific chemical and physical properties
what is an atom?
smallest unit of matter that still retains all chemical properties of an element
what are atoms made up of
protons, neutrons, electrons
what are molecules?
two atoms joined together
what are intramolecular forces?
strong attractive forces that hold atoms within a molecule
what are two examples of intramolecular forces?
ionic bonds
covalent bonds
what are intermolecular forces?
forces that exist between molecules
what are some examples of intermolecular forces?
hydrogen bonding
dipole-dipole
london dispersion
ionic: inter or intramolecular?
intra
covalent: inter or intramolecular?
intra
hydrogen bonding: inter or intramolecular?
inter
dipole-dipole bonding: inter or intramolecular?
inter
london dispersion: inter or intramolecular?
inter
determine physical properties: inter or intramolecular?
inter
stronger: inter or intramolecular?
intra
what does “saccharides” mean?
sugars
carbohydrates are basically composed of what?
carbon and H2O
what is the empirical formula of monosaccharides?
CH2O
what is the relationship between fructose and glucose?
they are structural isomers
what is an isomer?
same molecular formula, different structure
can you name three examples of a monosaccharide?
glucose, fructose, ribose
what is the chemical formula for glucose?
C6H12O6
what are the two forms of monosaccharides?
linear and ring form
what forms during monosaccharide ring formation?
hydroxyl group (-OH), alcohol
alpha sugar monosaccharide vs. beta sugar monosaccharide
ALPHA: -OH is trans (ACROSS) to -CH2OH
BETA: -OH is cis (BESIDE) -CH2OH
what type of reaction forms a disaccharide?
dehydration
what bond is formed in the formation of a disaccharide?
glycosidic bond
what type of reaction breaks a disaccharide into two monosaccharides?
hydrolysis reaction
can you name three examples of common disaccharides?
sucrose
lactose
maltose
what are the two types of polysaccharides?
storage
structure
can you name four examples of a polysaccharide?
- starch
- glycogen
- cellulose
- chitin
storage or structure: starch
storage
storage or structure: glycogen
storage
storage or structure: cellulose
structure
storage or structure: chitin
structure
can you name two storage polysaccharides?
starch and glycogen
can you name two structural polysaccharides?
cellulose and chitin
what is starch? where is it found?
storage polysaccharide found in plant cells
what is glycogen? where do we store it?
storage polysaccharide, stored in liver and muscle cells
what is cellulose? where is it found?
structural polysaccharide found in plant cell walls
can we digest cellulose? why or why not?
it’s fiber. we can’t digest fiber.
what is chitin? where is it found? (2)
structural polysaccharide. found in the cell walls of fungi and exoskeleton of insects