Chapter 1 (Pt. 1)

Question 1

what is matter?

Answer 1

any substance that takes up space and has mass

Question 2

what is matter composed of?

Answer 2

elements

Question 3

what is an element?

Answer 3

substance with specific chemical and physical properties

Question 4

what is an atom?

Answer 4

smallest unit of matter that still retains all chemical properties of an element

Question 5

what are atoms made up of

Answer 5

protons, neutrons, electrons

Question 6

what are molecules?

Answer 6

two atoms joined together

Question 7

what are intramolecular forces?

Answer 7

strong attractive forces that hold atoms within a molecule

Question 8

what are two examples of intramolecular forces?

Answer 8

ionic bonds

covalent bonds

Question 9

what are intermolecular forces?

Answer 9

forces that exist between molecules

Question 10

what are some examples of intermolecular forces?

Answer 10

hydrogen bonding

dipole-dipole

london dispersion

Question 11

ionic: inter or intramolecular?

Answer 11

intra

Question 12

covalent: inter or intramolecular?

Answer 12

intra

Question 13

hydrogen bonding: inter or intramolecular?

Answer 13

inter

Question 14

dipole-dipole bonding: inter or intramolecular?

Answer 14

inter

Question 15

london dispersion: inter or intramolecular?

Answer 15

inter

Question 16

determine physical properties: inter or intramolecular?

Answer 16

inter

Question 17

stronger: inter or intramolecular?

Answer 17

intra

Question 18

what does “saccharides” mean?

Answer 18

sugars

Question 19

carbohydrates are basically composed of what?

Answer 19

carbon and H2O

Question 20

what is the empirical formula of monosaccharides?

Answer 20

CH2O

Question 21

what is the relationship between fructose and glucose?

Answer 21

they are structural isomers

Question 22

what is an isomer?

Answer 22

same molecular formula, different structure

Question 23

can you name three examples of a monosaccharide?

Answer 23

glucose, fructose, ribose

Question 24

what is the chemical formula for glucose?

Answer 24

C6H12O6

Question 25

what are the two forms of monosaccharides?

Answer 25

linear and ring form

Question 26

what forms during monosaccharide ring formation?

Answer 26

hydroxyl group (-OH), alcohol

Question 27

alpha sugar monosaccharide vs. beta sugar monosaccharide

Answer 27

ALPHA: -OH is trans (ACROSS) to -CH2OH BETA: -OH is cis (BESIDE) -CH2OH

Question 28

what type of reaction forms a disaccharide?

Answer 28

dehydration

Question 29

what bond is formed in the formation of a disaccharide?

Answer 29

glycosidic bond

Question 30

what type of reaction breaks a disaccharide into two monosaccharides?

Answer 30

hydrolysis reaction

Question 31

can you name three examples of common disaccharides?

Answer 31

sucrose lactose maltose

Question 32

what are the two types of polysaccharides?

Answer 32

storage structure

Question 33

can you name four examples of a polysaccharide?

Answer 33

1. starch 2. glycogen 3. cellulose 4. chitin

Question 34

storage or structure: starch

Answer 34

storage

Question 35

storage or structure: glycogen

Answer 35

storage

Question 36

storage or structure: cellulose

Answer 36

structure

Question 37

storage or structure: chitin

Answer 37

structure

Question 38

can you name two storage polysaccharides?

Answer 38

starch and glycogen

Question 39

can you name two structural polysaccharides?

Answer 39

cellulose and chitin

Question 40

what is starch? where is it found?

Answer 40

storage polysaccharide found in plant cells

Question 41

what is glycogen? where do we store it?

Answer 41

storage polysaccharide, stored in liver and muscle cells

Question 42

what is cellulose? where is it found?

Answer 42

structural polysaccharide found in plant cell walls

Question 43

can we digest cellulose? why or why not?

Answer 43

it's fiber. we can't digest fiber.

Question 44

what is chitin? where is it found? (2)

Answer 44

structural polysaccharide. found in the cell walls of fungi and exoskeleton of insects