Chapter 1 Powerpoint

Question 1

Applications of Forensic Science include:

Answer 1

criminal (drug possession, homicide, sexual assault)

civil (paternity, product failure liability)

national security (fingerprints, explosive residue)

Question 2

Forensic Science

Answer 2

application of a natural science to matters of the law

Question 3

Criminalistics

Answer 3

used to refer to the services provided by a laboratory

Question 4

corpus delicti

Answer 4

elements of the crime

body of the crime

proof beyond a reasonable doubt

Question 5

supporting role

Answer 5

support statements

disprove statements

victim, suspect, witness

important during investigation and during trial

Question 6

identify substances/materials

Answer 6

controlled substances and narcotics

accelerants

counterfeit documents

gunshot residue

blood

semen

Question 7

identify unknown persons

Answer 7

fingerprints

biological evidence

dental records

identify victim

identify suspect

identify unknown human remains/missing persons

Question 8

AFIS

Answer 8

Automated Fingerprint Identification System: fingerprints

Question 9

CODIS

Answer 9

Combined DNA Index System: DNA

Question 10

NIBIN

Answer 10

National Integrated Ballistic Identification Network: Casing and Weapons

Question 11

Linkage Triangle

Answer 11

Scene, Victim, and Suspect are all linked (like in a triangle) through evidence

Question 12

Locard’s Principle of Exchange

Answer 12

when two objects come in contact with each other, there is a mutual exchange of material across the contact boundary

Question 13

Edmond Locard

Answer 13

1st crime laboratory in Lyons, France

Question 14

Calvin Goddard

Answer 14

origination of the Chicago Police Department Lab (Fire Arms Identification Studies)

Question 15

AAFS

Answer 15

American Academy of Forensic Sciences

Question 16

IAI

Answer 16

The International Association for Identification

Question 17

NEAFS

Answer 17

Northeast Association of Forensic Scientists

Question 18

ASCLD/LAB

Answer 18

American Society of Crime Laboratory Directors Laboratory Accreditation Board (most crime labs and units are accredited)

Question 19

the Scientific Method

Answer 19

multi step method by which scientists approach problems, formulate a hypothesis to explain the problem, test their hypothesis, and validate it

Observation
Formulate a Hypothesis
Test using a controlled experiment
Retest and refine

Question 20

Specialities: Pathology

Answer 20

Cause of death (medical reason listed on death certificate)

Manner of death (choice of five)

Question 21

US has two systems of death investigation:

Answer 21

coroner and medical examiner

Question 22

Coroner

Answer 22

Elected

No medical knowledge or training needed (can be a pathologist; may call specialists for technical determinations)

Can hold Coroner Inquest and take sworn testimony

Question 23

Medical Examiner

Answer 23

Required to be an MD

Specialization in pathology

Will make determinations using all available information (crime scene/evidence photos, investigative information, toxicology reports, autopsy results)

Question 24

Examples of cause of death:

Answer 24

blunt or sharp force trauma
asphyxiation 
gunshot wound to head
heroin toxicity 
undetermined

Question 25

Manner of Death

Answer 25

Homicide 
Suicide 
Accidental 
Natural 
Undetermined

Question 26

Toxicology

Answer 26

Examination and analysis of tissues and or body fluids to determine presence and concentration of chemicals and substances

Question 27

Computer Science

Answer 27

Use of digital evidence to aid investigations

Use of extensive knowledge of computer science to extract deleted information and to track offenders

Question 28

Criminalistics

Answer 28

Recognition, identification, individualization, and evaluation of physical evidence using scientific methods

Question 29

Entomology

Answer 29

insects

Question 30

Odontology

Answer 30

Teeth

Question 31

Anthropology

Answer 31

bones