Chapter 1 - Organization Of The Body Flashcards
What is physiology
The science that treats the functions of a living organism and its parts
What is anatomy
The study of an organism and the relationship of its parts
What is life
There is no single criterion that adequately describes life
How is life broken down
Into attributes
What are the 10 human attributes
Responsiveness, Conductivity
Growth, Respiration
Digestion, Absorption
Secretion, Excretion
Circulation, Reproduction
Permits an organism to sense monitor and respond to changes in the environment
Responsiveness
Capacity of living cells and tissues to selectively transmit or propagate a wave of Excitation from one point to another in the body
Conductivity
Where are responsiveness and conductivity highly developed
In nerve and muscle cells in living organisms
Result of a normal increase in size or number of cells
Change in size not shape
Growth
Involves processes resulting in the absorption, transport, utilization, or change in respiratory gases between an organism and environment
Respiration
Process where complex food products are broken down into simpler substances that can be absorbed and used by body cells
Digestion
Refers to the movement of digested nutrients through the wall of digestive tube and into body fluids for transport to cells for use
Absorption
Production and delivery of specialized substances for diverse body functions
Secretion
Removal of waste products produced during many body functions
Excretion
Movement of body fluids and other substances from one body area to another
Circulation
Formation of a new individual and cells to permit growth wound repair and replacement of old cells
Reproduction
What do each of the human attributes equal
The sum total of chemicals and physical reactants
What describes these various processes
Metabolism
What is metabolism
Organisms broken down to release energy
Number of organization levels
7
What are the organization levels
Chemical level Organelle level Cellular level Tissue level Organ level System level Organism
Basis for life - starting point
Chemical level
100+ different building blocks of nature
Chemical level
Smallest unit of matter that undergoes chemical change
Atom
Formed when atoms bond together
Molecules
Larger more complex chemicals
atoms and molecules combined
Macromolecules
Consists of atoms molecules and macromolecules
Cytoplasm
Semi fluid matrix
Cytoplasm
Essential material of life
Cytoplasm
Small compartments in the cytoplasm
Organelles
Cytoplasm is mostly?
Water
Collection of compatible molecules
Organelles
What is the survival relationship between a cell and organelle
Neither can survive without the other
How many have been identified
More than two dozen
Powerhouse of a cell (energy)
Mitochondria
Stores material
Golgi apparatus
Highways for chemicals within cell
Endoplasmic reticulum
Chemicals organized within larger units
Cells
Describe structure of a cell
Enclosed by plasma membrane
Surrounded by cytoplasm
Nucleus
Building blocks
Cellular level
Next higher level
Specialized structure
Cellular level
Specialized cell ex
Bone
Muscle
Nerves
Blood cells
Organization of similar cells
Tissue
4 major types of tissues
Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous
What can tissues be broken down into
Subtypes or layers
Organization of several different kinds of tissue
Organ level
Tissue arranged to perform specific function
Organ level
Heart
Lungs
Liver
Organized units of organs
System level
Perform complex functions
Special needs
System level
How many systems compose of the human body
11
What are the eleven systems that compose of the human body
Integumentary Respiratory
Skeletal Digestive
Muscular Urinary
Nervous Reproductive
Endocrine
Circulatory (cardiovascular)
Lymphatic (immune)
Interactive structures
Organism
Coordinated functioning of all systems
Organism
Ability to reproduce and repair itself
Organism
