Ch. 6 Skin and its Appendages Flashcards
How much body weight does the skin make up
About 7%
Largest organ in the body
Skin
How many square feet does the skin cover
About 15 to 20 sq. Feet
What type or organ is skin
Complex organ
Integrated functioning
How is the most important function of the skin
Maintains stable internal environment called homeostasis
Major functions of the skin
Protection of the skin
Sensation
Water balance
Temperature regulation
Outer thinner layer of the skin
Epidermis
What composes the epidermis
5 layers called strata
Innermost layer that separates the dermis from the epidermis
Basal stratum
Outermost layer in the epidermis
Cornified statum
Thicker inner layer of the skin
Dermis
What does the dermis contain
Abundant fibers
Fibroblasts
Blood vessels
Produce melanin
Melanocytes
Protects DNA from UVL
Melanin
Where are melanocytes found
Dermis layer
What helps anchor the epidermis to the dermis
Papillae
Beneath the dermis layer of skin
Hypodermis
Subcutaneous
What are the jobs of the hypodermis
Anchors skin to underlying tissue
Insulation
Cushions
Where adipose cells are found
Hypodermis
How much of the body’s fat can be found in the hypodermis
About half of body’s fat
Why is the hypodermis clinically important
Site for injections
What is the responsibility of genes
Determine the presence and distribution of three pigments
Blood pigment which transports oxygen and gives a pinkish color to the skin
Hemoglobin
Yellowish orange pigment found in the epidermis and hypodermis
Carotene
Brownish black pigment which when unevenly distributed, produces miles and freckles
Melanin
Lack melanin
Albinism
Source of sweat
Eccrine glands
Consists of coiled tubes, ducts that open to the outside of the skin
Eccrine glands
Where are eccrine glands located
On all body regions except lips and genitalia
Of what does sweat consist
Water Ions Wastes Acids Antibodies
Enzyme in sweat that kills bacteria
Lysozymes
Human scent gland
Apocrine gland
Secretes oily substance located in the armpits and genitalia
Apocrine glands
When do apocrine glands begin to function
At puberty
Care for the hair
Sebaceous glands
Release oily substance into hair follicle
Sebaceous gland
Oily substance that waterproofs the epidermis and lubricates hair
Sebum
How Is the adherence capability of epidermal cells as you age
Adhere less strongly to other cells
As you age what happens to the cell production in the basal stratum
Decreases
What happens to melanocytes as you age
They decrease
The remaining enlarge, cluster, and tend to form liver spots
What happens to the dermis as you age
Becomes thinner and less elastic
What happens with the blood vessels in the epidermis as you age
Blood vessels decrease, reducing blood flow
A decrease in blood flow results in
Decreased oxygen and nutrient delivery to cells
Decreased white blood cells to fight infection
