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Molecular Biology > Chapter 1: Nucleic Acids and Proteins - RNA > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Nucleic Acids and Proteins - RNA Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

original genetic material from which DNA has evolved

A

RNA

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2
Q

the process of transcription and translation of DNA information

A

gene expression

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3
Q

type of RNA that carries information in the DNA to the ribosomes

A

mRNA

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4
Q

copying one strand of DNA to RNA

A

transcription

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5
Q

RNA transcription occurs mostly during what phase of cell activity

A

interphase

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6
Q

the DNA strand the contains the code

A

sense strand

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7
Q

strand that contains the template for transcription

A

antisense strand

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8
Q

transcription is catalyzed by

A

RNA polymerase

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9
Q

while prokaryotes have a single type of RNA polymerase, eukaryotes have

A

3

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10
Q

synthesize noncoding RNA

A

pol I and pol III

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11
Q

responsible for synthesis of mRNa

A

pol II

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12
Q

specific site on the DNA where RNA polymerase and accessory proteins assemble

A

promoter

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13
Q

two promoters of RNA transcription in prokaryotes

A

-35 sequence
Pribknow box

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14
Q

sequence of -35 promoter

A

5’- TTGACA -3’

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15
Q

sequence of the Pribknow box

A

5’ - TATAA - 3’ (-10)

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16
Q

promoter in eukaryotic RNA transcription

A

TATA box

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17
Q

which one of the DNA strands does the RNA polymerase use as a guide

A

antisense strand

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18
Q

difference between RNA and DNA synthesis

A
  • there are more RNA initiation sites
  • RNA polymerases work slower
  • RNA synthesis has less fidelity
  • RNA does not require priming
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19
Q

Transcription termination initiators in prokaryotes

A
  1. high gene products
  2. Rho factor
  3. Rho independent
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20
Q

Termination when high level of gene products induce termination of its own synthesis

A

high gene products

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21
Q

helicase enzyme that associates with RNA polymerase and inactivates elongation complex at cytosine rich termination site

A

Rho

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22
Q

occurs in G:C rich regions followed by A:T rich regions forming short double stranded hairpins which sliws elongation complex

A

Rho-independent termination

23
Q

transcription termination initiators in eukaryotes

A
  1. polyadenylation site (pol II)
  2. Sal box with TTF1 (pol I)
  3. run of adenine residues (pol III)
24
Q

removes 5’ nt terminal phosphate

A

RNA triophosphate

25
Q

attaches guanylphosphate to the 5’ phisphate

A

guanylyl transferase

26
Q

attaches methyl group to guanine

A

methyl transferase

27
Q

protect mRNA from degradation

A

5’ methylguanosine cap

28
Q

process of cleacing at poly A site and adding a poly A tail

A

polyadenylation signal sequance

29
Q

adds 200 adenine residues to 3’ end

A

poly A polymerase

30
Q

largest component of cellular RNA comprising over 80 to 90 percent

A

rRNA

31
Q

rRNA subunit in prokaryotes

A

small subunit
30s
large subunit
50s

32
Q

rRNA subunits in eukaryotes

A

40s small subunit
60s large subunit

33
Q

Prokaryotic mRNA is _______ while eukaryotic RNA is ______

A

polycistronic; monocistronic

34
Q

mRNA that is transcribe constantly amd relatively abundant in the cell

A

constitutive transcription

35
Q

mRNA only transcribed at certain times during cell cycle under particular conditions

A

inducible or regulatory transcription

36
Q

long stretches of noncoding sequences in pre-mRNA

A

introns

37
Q

RNA that still contains introns

A

heteronuclear RNA

38
Q

process of removing intervening noncoding sequences in hnRNA

A

splicing

39
Q

the remaining sequences that code for protein in the mRNA

A

exons

40
Q

funcrions in splicing in eukaryotes

A

spliceosome small nuclear RNA

41
Q

adaptor molecukes that facilitate reading of the mRNA by ribosomes

A

tRNA

42
Q

found on the 5’ end of a tRNA

A

guanylic residue

43
Q

found in the 3’ end which also serces as the amino acid acceptor arm

A

CCA sequence

44
Q

seven base loop that contains three base pair anti codon that is complementary to the mRNA

A

anti-codon loop

45
Q

ultimate products of nucleic acids fromed from amino acid polymers

A

proteins

46
Q

the streochemistry of amino acids that compose naturally occuring proteins

A

L-isomers

47
Q

ubiquitous stable enzymes that degarde all types of RNA and is resistant to inactivation

A

RNases

48
Q

RNA pol I transcribes

A

18S
5.8S
28s

49
Q

RNA pol II transcribes

A

mRNA
snRNA

50
Q

RNA pol III yranscribes

A

5S RNA
tRNA
other snRNA

51
Q

True or false: Prokaryotes are similar to eukaryotes in that they require splicing, addition of 5’ cap and poly A tail before being transported and translated

A

False, prokaryote gene transcript functions directly as the mRNA molecule

52
Q

a process where the precursor RNA sequences fold into secondary strutures to excise itself

A

self-splicing

53
Q

the intitiation of polypeptide synthesis occurs when protein factors called ___ dissociate

A

initiation factors

Molecular Biology (12 decks)

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