Chapter 1: Nucleic Acids and Proteins - RNA

Question 1

original genetic material from which DNA has evolved

Answer 1

RNA

Question 2

the process of transcription and translation of DNA information

Answer 2

gene expression

Question 3

type of RNA that carries information in the DNA to the ribosomes

Answer 3

mRNA

Question 4

copying one strand of DNA to RNA

Answer 4

transcription

Question 5

RNA transcription occurs mostly during what phase of cell activity

Answer 5

interphase

Question 6

the DNA strand the contains the code

Answer 6

sense strand

Question 7

strand that contains the template for transcription

Answer 7

antisense strand

Question 8

transcription is catalyzed by

Answer 8

RNA polymerase

Question 9

while prokaryotes have a single type of RNA polymerase, eukaryotes have

Answer 9

3

Question 10

synthesize noncoding RNA

Answer 10

pol I and pol III

Question 11

responsible for synthesis of mRNa

Answer 11

pol II

Question 12

specific site on the DNA where RNA polymerase and accessory proteins assemble

Answer 12

promoter

Question 13

two promoters of RNA transcription in prokaryotes

Answer 13

-35 sequence
Pribknow box

Question 14

sequence of -35 promoter

Answer 14

5’- TTGACA -3’

Question 15

sequence of the Pribknow box

Answer 15

5’ - TATAA - 3’ (-10)

Question 16

promoter in eukaryotic RNA transcription

Answer 16

TATA box

Question 17

which one of the DNA strands does the RNA polymerase use as a guide

Answer 17

antisense strand

Question 18

difference between RNA and DNA synthesis

Answer 18

• there are more RNA initiation sites
• RNA polymerases work slower
• RNA synthesis has less fidelity
• RNA does not require priming

Question 19

Transcription termination initiators in prokaryotes

Answer 19

1. high gene products
2. Rho factor
3. Rho independent

Question 20

Termination when high level of gene products induce termination of its own synthesis

Answer 20

high gene products

Question 21

helicase enzyme that associates with RNA polymerase and inactivates elongation complex at cytosine rich termination site

Answer 21

Rho

Question 22

occurs in G:C rich regions followed by A:T rich regions forming short double stranded hairpins which sliws elongation complex

Answer 22

Rho-independent termination

Question 23

transcription termination initiators in eukaryotes

Answer 23

1. polyadenylation site (pol II)
2. Sal box with TTF1 (pol I)
3. run of adenine residues (pol III)

Question 24

removes 5’ nt terminal phosphate

Answer 24

RNA triophosphate

Question 25

attaches guanylphosphate to the 5' phisphate

Answer 25

guanylyl transferase

Question 26

attaches methyl group to guanine

Answer 26

methyl transferase

Question 27

protect mRNA from degradation

Answer 27

5' methylguanosine cap

Question 28

process of cleacing at poly A site and adding a poly A tail

Answer 28

polyadenylation signal sequance

Question 29

adds 200 adenine residues to 3' end

Answer 29

poly A polymerase

Question 30

largest component of cellular RNA comprising over 80 to 90 percent

Answer 30

rRNA

Question 31

rRNA subunit in prokaryotes

Answer 31

small subunit 30s large subunit 50s

Question 32

rRNA subunits in eukaryotes

Answer 32

40s small subunit 60s large subunit

Question 33

Prokaryotic mRNA is _______ while eukaryotic RNA is ______

Answer 33

polycistronic; monocistronic

Question 34

mRNA that is transcribe constantly amd relatively abundant in the cell

Answer 34

constitutive transcription

Question 35

mRNA only transcribed at certain times during cell cycle under particular conditions

Answer 35

inducible or regulatory transcription

Question 36

long stretches of noncoding sequences in pre-mRNA

Answer 36

introns

Question 37

RNA that still contains introns

Answer 37

heteronuclear RNA

Question 38

process of removing intervening noncoding sequences in hnRNA

Answer 38

splicing

Question 39

the remaining sequences that code for protein in the mRNA

Answer 39

exons

Question 40

funcrions in splicing in eukaryotes

Answer 40

spliceosome small nuclear RNA

Question 41

adaptor molecukes that facilitate reading of the mRNA by ribosomes

Answer 41

tRNA

Question 42

found on the 5' end of a tRNA

Answer 42

guanylic residue

Question 43

found in the 3' end which also serces as the amino acid acceptor arm

Answer 43

CCA sequence

Question 44

seven base loop that contains three base pair anti codon that is complementary to the mRNA

Answer 44

anti-codon loop

Question 45

ultimate products of nucleic acids fromed from amino acid polymers

Answer 45

proteins

Question 46

the streochemistry of amino acids that compose naturally occuring proteins

Answer 46

L-isomers

Question 47

ubiquitous stable enzymes that degarde all types of RNA and is resistant to inactivation

Answer 47

RNases

Question 48

RNA pol I transcribes

Answer 48

18S 5.8S 28s

Question 49

RNA pol II transcribes

Answer 49

mRNA snRNA

Question 50

RNA pol III yranscribes

Answer 50

5S RNA tRNA other snRNA

Question 51

True or false: Prokaryotes are similar to eukaryotes in that they require splicing, addition of 5' cap and poly A tail before being transported and translated

Answer 51

False, prokaryote gene transcript functions directly as the mRNA molecule

Question 52

a process where the precursor RNA sequences fold into secondary strutures to excise itself

Answer 52

self-splicing

Question 53

the intitiation of polypeptide synthesis occurs when protein factors called ___ dissociate

Answer 53

initiation factors