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Molecular Biology > Chapter 1: Nucleic Acids and Proteins- DNA replication > Flashcards

Chapter 1: Nucleic Acids and Proteins- DNA replication Flashcards

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1
Q

direction of replication

A

5’ to 3’

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2
Q

replication is facilitataed by what enzyme

A

DNA polymerase

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3
Q

type of replication in which a double strand is composed of a parent staramd and new strand

A

semi conservative

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4
Q

DNA replicatioj occurs during what cell phase

A

S phase

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5
Q

observed that adenine corresponds to amount of thymine etc

A

Erwin Chargaff

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6
Q

Three main processes in DNA replication

A

initiation
elongation
termination

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7
Q

demonstrated semiconservative replication using equilibrium density centrifugation

A

Matthew Meselson
Franklin Stahl

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8
Q

enzyme that activates initiation of DNA replication

A

DNA A protein

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9
Q

initial site for DNA synthesis

A

origin of replication (ori)

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10
Q

binds to ori and unwinds the DNA to form a replication bubble

A

DNA helicase

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11
Q

relieves tightening of the supercoil by creating a nick

A

topoisomerase

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12
Q

supercoil that is overwound by a right handed twist

A

positive supercoil

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13
Q

supercoil that is underwound by a left handed twist

A

negative supercoil

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14
Q

cleaves or nicks only 1 strand

A

topoisomerase I

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15
Q

relaxes negative supercoil in bacteria

A

Top1a

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16
Q

relieves negative and positive supercoil in eukaryotes

A

Top1B

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17
Q

uses ATP to nick 2 strands and relieve both positive supercoil, relieves supercoil ahead of the replication fork

A

Topoisomerase II

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18
Q

attaches to each strand to stabilize and prevent them from annealing

A

single stranded DNA binding protein

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19
Q

the 5’ to 3’ strand being copied in a discontinuous manner

A

lagging strand

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20
Q

DNA replication that is reading in the 3’ to 5’ direction

A

leading strand

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21
Q

T or F: DNA can be synthesized de novo

A

False, a preceding base must be present to provide the hydroxyl group

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22
Q

enzyme required to specify starting point for replication by adding a short piece of DNA at the the 3’ end

A

RNA primase

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23
Q

synthesizes short stretches of RNA of about 10 nucletotides

A

primer/ DNA G

24
Q

1st acceptor in DNA replication

A

free OH group in the 3’ end of the RNA primer

25
Q

the strands of DNA created between the RNA primers

A

Okazaki fragments

26
Q

emzyme that hydrolyzes RNA from a complementary DNA strand, removing the primer RNA

A

RNase H

27
Q

main polymerizing enzyme during bacterial replication

A

DNA polymerase III

28
Q

DNA polymerases have the capacity to

A

synthesize (5’ to 3’)
degrade (5’ to 3’ and 3’ to 5’)

29
Q

excises RNA primers in the lagging strand and fills gaps

A

DNA polymerase I

30
Q

large fragment of DNA polymerase I without exonuclease activity

A

Klenow fragment

31
Q

the exonuclease capacity of DNA polymerase gives the enzyme the capacity to

A

proofread

32
Q

concurrent synthesis and hydrolysis that moves the nick in one strand of the DNA forward

A

nick translation

33
Q

enzyme that forms phosphodiester bonds between existing DNA strands

A

DNA ligase

34
Q

two eukaryotic polymerases found in the nucleus

A

pol alpha
pol beta

35
Q

eukaryotic polymerase found in the mitochondria

A

pol gamma

36
Q

3 eukaryotic polymerases that resemble projaryotic polymerases but have less exonuclease activity

A

pol alpha
pol beta
pol gamma

37
Q

eukaryotic polymerase originally isolated from bone marrow

A

pol delta

38
Q

most active eukaryotic polymerase identified with chromosome replication

A

pol alpha

39
Q

eukaryotic polymerase that initiates the first 20 nts of DNA synthesis

A

pol alpha

40
Q

eukaryotic polymerase responsible for repair

A

pol beta

41
Q

eukaryotic dna responsible for synthesizing the leading strand

A

pol epsilon

42
Q

responsible for synthesizing lagging strand and nipping 5’ end of RNA primer

A

pol delta

43
Q

found in mitochondrial DNA

A

pol gamma

44
Q

removes short dangling RNA primers in eukaryotes

A

Flap endonuclease 1

45
Q

remove long dangling RNA primers

A

DNA 2 endonuclease

46
Q

PROOF READING ABILITY
pol alpha

A

-

47
Q

PROOF READING ABILITY
pol beta

A

-

48
Q

PROOF READING ABILITY
pol epsilon

A

+

49
Q

PROOF READING ABILITY
pol delta

A

+

50
Q

PROOF READING ABILITY
pol gamma

A

+

51
Q

add nucleotides to the end of DNA strand without template to generate 3’ end labeled DNA species

A

terminal transferase

52
Q

chemical manipulation of amino acids produce nucleic acids with these three characteristics

A

processivity
fidelity
substrate specificit

53
Q

staying with the template longer to make longer products

A

processivity

54
Q

faithful copying of the template

A

fidelity

55
Q

affinity for altered nucleotides

A

substrate specificity

56
Q

enzymes that break the sugar phosphate backbone of DNA

A

endonucleases

57
Q

endonucleases that recognize specific base sequences and break the DNA polymer

A

restriction enzymes

Molecular Biology (12 decks)

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