Chapter 1 Notes Flashcards
externally mandated ___________ _________ is mandated both at the state and federal levels
educational assessment
these mandated assessments are designed to hold _______, districts, and _____ accountable for students achievement
schools, educators
Both _______ and _________ can expect extensive educational assessment to be a major factor for educational life
teachers and students
externally mandated assessment can tell ___ and ___ much students are achieveing and can help schools and states answer questions regarding the extent to which curricular ____ are being met
if,
how
goals
Given the controversy and criticism of such high stakes testing and allegations as to their cultural and gender fairness, it is essential that such tests are _____ and that educators _______ the results fairly
fair
examine
there is a long history of using _____ ______ ______ to measure whether students are meeting educational goals
externally mandated assessment
such assessment dates back to the early ____ century and has continued to increase unabated for the last ____ decades
20th
five
Educational reform is a ____ and ___ of reform in education
barometer
lever
as a _____ tests and assessments are expected to provide information about current status and progress of student achievement and the quality of schooling
barometer
as a ______ of reform, they are expected to serve as a mechanism of reforming educational practices by clarifying priorities and motivating greater and more focused effort
lever
the ________ of 1965 put in place the largest and most enduring federal effort to address the disparities in educational opportunities and student performances
Elementary and Secondary Act
the elementary and secondary act is also known as
Title !
________ education is generally defined as educational services above and beyond that normally due a student under his state’s education laws
compensatory
don t confuse compensatory education with ____ education
compulsory
what are the reauthorizations of the ESEA?
the improving of America’s schools Act of 1994
the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001
______ continues to be the largest federal program of assistance to elementary and secondary education
title 1
in the 70’s and early 80’s _______ _________ tests became popular
minimum competency
minimum competency tests focused on basic skills that were considered to be ________ essentials for the next grade level or a high school diploma
minimal
the test based reforms of the 80’s were fueled by __________________________
A Nation at Risk-the imperative for educational reform
All ________ introduced some type of educational reform in the wake of A Nation at Risk
50 states
what became a major component in the instructional program of many schools
Test preparation
Content standards specify ________
what is to be learned
performance standards specify
how well
Most recently there have been a number of __________ breakthroughs in externally mandated assessment
technological
what technological breakthroughs have there been in externally mandated assessment
online as well as adaptive testing software
arguments against externally mandated assessment have usually centered on issues of too much testing in the schools, the social concerns of externally mandated assessment, the nature and quality of such tests and fairness in terms of ____ and _____ issues
minority
gender
externally mandated assessment is not the only type of
educational testing
is externally mandated testing the only type of educational testing
no
in formative testing, teachers control the
timing and format of the testing
_______ is more flexible than externally mandated assessment and is used to adapt to the individual educational needs of each student
formative assessment
what does externally mandated testing measure
whether students have achieved final learning goals
formative testing looks at
the progress each child is making and is used on an on-going basis to help student learning
