Chapter 1 Notes

Question 1

externally mandated ___________ _________ is mandated both at the state and federal levels

Answer 1

educational assessment

Question 2

these mandated assessments are designed to hold _______, districts, and _____ accountable for students achievement

Answer 2

schools, educators

Question 3

Both _______ and _________ can expect extensive educational assessment to be a major factor for educational life

Answer 3

teachers and students

Question 4

externally mandated assessment can tell ___ and ___ much students are achieveing and can help schools and states answer questions regarding the extent to which curricular ____ are being met

Answer 4

if,
how
goals

Question 5

Given the controversy and criticism of such high stakes testing and allegations as to their cultural and gender fairness, it is essential that such tests are _____ and that educators _______ the results fairly

Answer 5

fair

examine

Question 6

there is a long history of using _____ ______ ______ to measure whether students are meeting educational goals

Answer 6

externally mandated assessment

Question 7

such assessment dates back to the early ____ century and has continued to increase unabated for the last ____ decades

Answer 7

20th

five

Question 8

Educational reform is a ____ and ___ of reform in education

Answer 8

barometer

lever

Question 9

as a _____ tests and assessments are expected to provide information about current status and progress of student achievement and the quality of schooling

Answer 9

barometer

Question 10

as a ______ of reform, they are expected to serve as a mechanism of reforming educational practices by clarifying priorities and motivating greater and more focused effort

Answer 10

lever

Question 11

the ________ of 1965 put in place the largest and most enduring federal effort to address the disparities in educational opportunities and student performances

Answer 11

Elementary and Secondary Act

Question 12

the elementary and secondary act is also known as

Answer 12

Title !

Question 13

________ education is generally defined as educational services above and beyond that normally due a student under his state’s education laws

Answer 13

compensatory

Question 14

don t confuse compensatory education with ____ education

Answer 14

compulsory

Question 15

what are the reauthorizations of the ESEA?

Answer 15

the improving of America’s schools Act of 1994

the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001

Question 16

______ continues to be the largest federal program of assistance to elementary and secondary education

Answer 16

title 1

Question 17

in the 70’s and early 80’s _______ _________ tests became popular

Answer 17

minimum competency

Question 18

minimum competency tests focused on basic skills that were considered to be ________ essentials for the next grade level or a high school diploma

Answer 18

minimal

Question 19

the test based reforms of the 80’s were fueled by __________________________

Answer 19

A Nation at Risk-the imperative for educational reform

Question 20

All ________ introduced some type of educational reform in the wake of A Nation at Risk

Answer 20

50 states

Question 21

what became a major component in the instructional program of many schools

Answer 21

Test preparation

Question 22

Content standards specify ________

Answer 22

what is to be learned

Question 23

performance standards specify

Answer 23

how well

Question 24

Most recently there have been a number of __________ breakthroughs in externally mandated assessment

Answer 24

technological

Question 25

what technological breakthroughs have there been in externally mandated assessment

Answer 25

online as well as adaptive testing software

Question 26

arguments against externally mandated assessment have usually centered on issues of too much testing in the schools, the social concerns of externally mandated assessment, the nature and quality of such tests and fairness in terms of ____ and _____ issues

Answer 26

minority

gender

Question 27

externally mandated assessment is not the only type of

Answer 27

educational testing

Question 28

is externally mandated testing the only type of educational testing

Answer 28

no

Question 29

in formative testing, teachers control the

Answer 29

timing and format of the testing

Question 30

_______ is more flexible than externally mandated assessment and is used to adapt to the individual educational needs of each student

Answer 30

formative assessment

Question 31

what does externally mandated testing measure

Answer 31

whether students have achieved final learning goals

Question 32

formative testing looks at

Answer 32

the progress each child is making and is used on an on-going basis to help student learning