Chapter 1 - Matter Flashcards
study of matter and the manipulation of materials
chemistry
systematic approach to the study of chemistry and other sciences and based on observations of natural laws and experimental data and used by galileo and robert boyle
scientific method
anything that occupies space and has mass
matter
qualities or attributes that distinguish one type of matter from another
properties
properties that don’t change with the composition of matter
physical
any change in a physical property and doesn’t change the composition
physical change
ability to be made into wire
ductility
ability to be molded into different shapes
malleability
properties that are the ability of materials to undergo a change in composition
chemical properties
one or more kinds of matter change into a new type of matter
chemical change
all matter is made up of blank
atoms
each type of atom is the building block of a blank
element
how many elements
112
how many natural elements
90
separating liquid from solid
filtration
separation of liquids by boiling and condensing
distillation
compounds can be separated or decomposed into their elements by blank changes
chemical
three states of matter
solid, liquid, gas
atoms or molecules are closely packed together
solid
atoms are farther apart, can be poured, and take on containers shape
liquid
atoms are very far apart, mostly empty space and expand to fill container
gas
chemistry is a blank science
quantitative
units used in chemistry
si units
three types of values
estimates, exact numbers, and measured quantities
errors due to the instrument used to make a measurement
systematic error
error due to experimenter’s skill or technique
random errors
how close a measurement is to the actual value
accuracy
how close measurements are to each other
precision
when measuring in chemistry one should measure to blank estimated digits
one
collection of compounds or molecules
mixtures
two types of mixtures
homogenous, heterogenous
mixture uniform throughout
homogenous
sugar dissolved in water is a blank mixture
homogenous
composition is not uniform in this mixture
heterogenous
sand in water is a blank mixture
heterogenous
who got most of the credit for the periodic table of elements
mendeleev
substances made of one or more elements’ atoms
compounds
h2o is a blank
compound
smallest unit of a compound
molecule
all nonzero digits are blank figures
significant
how many sig figs in 0.1?
1
how many sig figs in 400?
1
how many sig figs in .002
1
how many sig figs in 1.23
3
how many sig figs in 1.20
3
how many sig figs in 0.0103
3
1241
4
