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Biol 223 > Chapter 1 Lecture > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

The 7 Characteristics of Living Organisms

A
  1. Maintains boundaries
  2. Movement
  3. Responsiveness
  4. Excretes
  5. Growth
  6. Reproduction
  7. Metabolism
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2
Q

Levels of structural composition

A 
Chemical 
Cellular
Tissue: made of 2 or more cell type
Organ: made of 2 or more tissue type
Organ system
Organism
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3
Q

The 11 organ systems of the human body

A 
Integumentary System
Skeletal System
Muscular System
Nervous System
Endocrine System
Cardiovascular System
Lymphatic System
Respiratory System
Digestive System
Urinary System
Reproductive System (Male & Female)
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4
Q

Integumentary system

A

Skin, Hair, and Nails

  • Protects the body from the external environment
  • Produces Vitamin D
  • Retains Water
  • Regulates Body Temperature
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5
Q

Skeletal System

A

Bones and joints

  • Supports the body
  • Protects Internal organs
  • Provides leverage for movement
  • Produces blood cells
  • Stores calcium salts
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6
Q

Muscular System

A

Skeletal Muscles

  • Produces movement
  • Controls body openings
  • Generates heat
  • maintains posture
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7
Q

Nervous System

A

Brain, spinal cord, and nerves

  • Regulates body functions
  • Provides for sensation, movement, automatic functions, and higher mental functions via nerve impulses
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8
Q

Endocrine System

A

Pancreas, thymus, thyroid, pineal, pituitary, adrenal, ovaries and testes

  • Regulates body functions
  • Regulates the functions of muscles, glands, and other tissues through the secretion of chemicals called hormones
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9
Q

Cardiovascular System

A

Heart and blood vessels

  • Pumps and delivers oxygen-poor blood to the lungs and oxygen-rich blood to the tissues
  • Transports cells, nutrients, and other substances
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10
Q

Lymphatic System

A

Lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, red bone marrow

  • houses white blood cells (lymphocytes)
  • Returns excess tissue fluid to the cardiovascular system
  • Provides immunity (protection against disease)
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11
Q

Respiratory System

A

Lungs, trachea, larynx, pharynx, nasal cavity

  • Delivers oxygen to the blood
  • Removes carbon dioxide from the body
  • Maintains the acid-base balance of the blood
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12
Q

Digestive System

A

Mouth, Esophagus, stomach, liver, large and small intestines, rectum, anus.

  • Digests Food
  • Absorbs nutrients into the blood
  • Removes food waste
  • Regulates fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance
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13
Q

Urinary System

A

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

  • Removes metabolic wastes from the blood
  • Regulates fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance
  • Stimulates blood cell production
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14
Q

What is Anatomy?

A

The study of structure or form of the human body.

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15
Q

What is Physiology?

A

The study of the body’s functions.

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16
Q

Male Reproductive System

A

Penis, testes, scrotum, ductus deferens, prostate

  • Produces and transports sperm
  • Secretes hormones
  • Sexual function
17
Q

Female Reproductive System

A

Uterus, vagina, ovaries, uterine tubes, mammary glands

  • Produces and transports eggs
  • Site of fetal development, fetal nourishment, childbirth, and lactation
  • Secretes hormones
  • Sexual function
18
Q

Anatomical Position

A

The body is standing upright and the feet are shoulder width apart, with the upper limbs at the sides of the trunk and the head and palms facing forward.

19
Q

Serous Membranes and the 3 different examples

A

Consist of a single, continuous layer of tissue that folds over on itself to enclose a single space.

  1. Pleural
  2. Pericardial
  3. Peritoneal
20
Q

Serous Fluid

A

Produced by the cells of the membrane, is a watery, slippery liquid that lubricates organs just like oil lubricates the pistons in a care. It prevents friction as an organ moves against adjacent structures.

21
Q

The Core Principles of Homeostasis

A
  1. Feedback Loops
  2. Gradients
  3. Cellular Communication
  4. Structure-function
22
Q

Define homeostasis

A

Homeostasis is the maintenance of relatively stable internal conditions despite continuous changes in the environment.

23
Q

Effector

A

The cells or organs that receive the control center’s signals in a feedback loop, and cause physiological responses that return the variable to homeostatic range.

24
Q

What are the 3 components that control homeostasis in the body?

A
  1. receptors (respond to input from stimuli)
  2. control center
  3. effectors (respond to output command from brain)
25
Q

what are variables?

A

factors that can change like blood sugar level,body temp, and blood volume.

26
Q

afferent vs. efferent

A

afferent is when receptors send a message to the control center. efferent is when the control center sends commands to the effectors.

Biol 223 (13 decks)

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