Chapter 1 Kinesiology A Foundation in Occupational Therapy

Question 1

Kinesiology

Answer 1

“The study of the principles of mechanics and anatomy in relation to human movement.”

Question 2

Quantitative

Answer 2

Identifies numerical information under standardized situations to gather information
ex - ROM, MMT

Question 3

Qualitative

Answer 3

Information on movement that comes from observation or interview
ex - observation of movement

Question 4

Historical Influence in
Occupational Therapy (dates)

Answer 4

 1900s to 1920s: Reconstruction and curative era
 1930s to 1950s: Reductionistic era and orthopedic model
 1950s to 1970s: Medical era and kinetic model
 1970s to Present: Occupation era and biomechanical model

Question 5

More history facts 1900-1920

Answer 5

• OT emerged as result of moral treatment movement.
   WWI created a greater demand for OT
   Early influence on craftwork led to greater influence of the
  medical field and the need for measurements, record keeping,
  and specific use of occupations

Question 6

1930s to 1950s: Reductionistic era and orthopedic model

Answer 6

 Identification of the smallest component important to medical treatment
 OT attempted to identify the motor deficits accompanying physical disabilities.
 Greater ties were created within the medical community.
 WW II created greater demand for OT

Question 7

1950s to 1970s: Medical era and kinetic model

Answer 7

 WW II and emphasis on the medical model highlighted
reductionism, scientific effort, and emphasis on treatment of
physical disabilities.
 Improved information sharing through establishment of journals
 Great gains established in all medical fields

Question 8

1970s to Present: Occupation era and biomechanical model

Answer 8

 Medical model remains primary tool for OT
 Biomechanical model emerges as the latest model incorporating aspects of kinesiology.
 An emphasis on occupation re-emerges

Question 9

 Global health organization within the United Nations
 International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF; WHO, 2008)

Answer 9

 Holistic point of view
 Diagnosis does not equal decrease in functioning
 Many factors affect function, including personal, environmental, and societal factors

Question 10

ICF

Answer 10

biopsychosocial model
 Merges medical and social models
 Focus shifted from disability to health and functioning

Question 11

Divisions of ICF

Answer 11

 Sections: Body, activities, environmental factors
 Levels: Body or body part, whole person, person in context of society

Question 12

Levels of dysfunction

Answer 12

 Impairment (body part level)
 Activity limitation (individual level)
 Activity: Carrying out a task or action

Question 13

 Participation restriction (societal level

Answer 13

 Participation: Engagement in a life situation
 May be internal
 Often imposed externally by family or society

Question 14

Two main sections

Answer 14

 Domain: Areas of knowledge and expertise
 Process: Dynamic, client-centered, relating to planning
OT services and intervention
 Sections designed to be used together
 Focus will be on domain

Question 15

Domain

Answer 15

 Occupations
 Contexts
 Performance patterns
 Performance skills
 Client factors
 Context and environment

Question 16

Contexts

Answer 16

 Includes environmental and personal factors
 Variety of interrelated conditions
 Internal and external to the client

Question 17

Performance patterns

Answer 17

 Habits, routines, roles, and rituals that influence how
performance skills are applied
 May support or hamper engagement in occupation

Question 18

Performance skills

Answer 18

 Ability or capacity to demonstrate action
 Many interrelated skills are combined in order to engage in an activity or occupation
 Motor skills, process skills, and social interaction skills

Question 19

Client factors

Answer 19

Unique qualities within the individual that affect engagement and
performance in occupation—values, beliefs, spirituality, body
functions, and body structures

Question 20

Context and environment

Answer 20

 Variety of interrelated conditions
 Internal and external to the client
 Environment refers to physical, social, and attitudinal arenas
 Context refers to cultural, personal, temporal, and virtual conditions surrounding the client

Question 21

Internal factors

Answer 21

 Affected by values, beliefs, spirituality, personality

Question 22

External factors

Answer 22

 Social factors, approval by others, remuneration
 Self-determined extrinsic motivation

Question 23

Dynamic continuum

Answer 23

Locus of control can change

Question 24

Lifespan influences

Answer 24

 What motivates a person can change
 Desire to control one’s environment is ongoing
 Often motivation in early years is more intrinsic

Question 25

Process: Activity Demands

Answer 25

 Unique qualities of an activity that are typically required to carry out the activity regardless of client and context

Question 26

Analyze activity demands

Answer 26

 Determine effort needed to participate
 Analyze qualities inherent in activity
 Manipulate characteristics to enable performance