Chapter 1 Kinesiology A Foundation in Occupational Therapy Flashcards
Kinesiology
“The study of the principles of mechanics and anatomy in relation to human movement.”
Quantitative
Identifies numerical information under standardized situations to gather information
ex - ROM, MMT
Qualitative
Information on movement that comes from observation or interview
ex - observation of movement
Historical Influence in
Occupational Therapy (dates)
1900s to 1920s: Reconstruction and curative era
1930s to 1950s: Reductionistic era and orthopedic model
1950s to 1970s: Medical era and kinetic model
1970s to Present: Occupation era and biomechanical model
More history facts 1900-1920
- OT emerged as result of moral treatment movement.
WWI created a greater demand for OT
Early influence on craftwork led to greater influence of the
medical field and the need for measurements, record keeping,
and specific use of occupations
1930s to 1950s: Reductionistic era and orthopedic model
Identification of the smallest component important to medical treatment
OT attempted to identify the motor deficits accompanying physical disabilities.
Greater ties were created within the medical community.
WW II created greater demand for OT
1950s to 1970s: Medical era and kinetic model
WW II and emphasis on the medical model highlighted
reductionism, scientific effort, and emphasis on treatment of
physical disabilities.
Improved information sharing through establishment of journals
Great gains established in all medical fields
1970s to Present: Occupation era and biomechanical model
Medical model remains primary tool for OT
Biomechanical model emerges as the latest model incorporating aspects of kinesiology.
An emphasis on occupation re-emerges
Global health organization within the United Nations
International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF; WHO, 2008)
Holistic point of view
Diagnosis does not equal decrease in functioning
Many factors affect function, including personal, environmental, and societal factors
ICF
biopsychosocial model
Merges medical and social models
Focus shifted from disability to health and functioning
Divisions of ICF
Sections: Body, activities, environmental factors
Levels: Body or body part, whole person, person in context of society
Levels of dysfunction
Impairment (body part level)
Activity limitation (individual level)
Activity: Carrying out a task or action
Participation restriction (societal level
Participation: Engagement in a life situation
May be internal
Often imposed externally by family or society
Two main sections
Domain: Areas of knowledge and expertise
Process: Dynamic, client-centered, relating to planning
OT services and intervention
Sections designed to be used together
Focus will be on domain
Domain
Occupations
Contexts
Performance patterns
Performance skills
Client factors
Context and environment
Contexts
Includes environmental and personal factors
Variety of interrelated conditions
Internal and external to the client
Performance patterns
Habits, routines, roles, and rituals that influence how
performance skills are applied
May support or hamper engagement in occupation
Performance skills
Ability or capacity to demonstrate action
Many interrelated skills are combined in order to engage in an activity or occupation
Motor skills, process skills, and social interaction skills
Client factors
Unique qualities within the individual that affect engagement and
performance in occupation—values, beliefs, spirituality, body
functions, and body structures
Context and environment
Variety of interrelated conditions
Internal and external to the client
Environment refers to physical, social, and attitudinal arenas
Context refers to cultural, personal, temporal, and virtual conditions surrounding the client
Internal factors
Affected by values, beliefs, spirituality, personality
External factors
Social factors, approval by others, remuneration
Self-determined extrinsic motivation
Dynamic continuum
Locus of control can change
Lifespan influences
What motivates a person can change
Desire to control one’s environment is ongoing
Often motivation in early years is more intrinsic
Process: Activity Demands
Unique qualities of an activity that are typically required to carry out the activity regardless of client and context
Analyze activity demands
Determine effort needed to participate
Analyze qualities inherent in activity
Manipulate characteristics to enable performance
